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This paper reports for the first time on the reproduction of small hive beetles (Aethina tumida) in honey bee (Apis mellifera) colonies without any signs of damage, in the USA (Maryland and Florida). It is recommended that beekeep...
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This paper reports for the first time on the reproduction of small hive beetles (Aethina tumida) in honey bee (Apis mellifera) colonies without any signs of damage, in the USA (Maryland and Florida). It is recommended that beekeepers allow worker bees access to all parts of the hive and minimize debris on the bottom boards..
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A total of 627 periodic mass flights (PMFs) were observed during 10 successive days from 26 colonies of A. dorsata at a polytechnic building site (from 3 to 12 March) and 82 colonies at a banyan tree (Ficus benghalensis) site (fro...
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A total of 627 periodic mass flights (PMFs) were observed during 10 successive days from 26 colonies of A. dorsata at a polytechnic building site (from 3 to 12 March) and 82 colonies at a banyan tree (Ficus benghalensis) site (from 4 to 13 March) at the Agricultural University (15 km away from the first site), in Bangalore, Karnataka, India. PMF activities performed by particular A. dorsata populations were similar in successive days at a particular site. However, at the polytechnic site, where favourable environmental conditions prevailed, 84.3% of the colonies performed 2.3 PMFs per colony per day, while at the banyan tree site, with less favourable conditions, only 11.3% of the colonies performed 0.11 flights. We suggest that PMF activities depend in part upon the amount of unsealed brood. Individual colonies performed 0-5 PMFs in successive days. Low numbers of 1-2 PMF per day were preceded by high numbers of 4-5 flights the following day. Similarly, PMFs of low intensity were followed by flights of high intensity. However, two- or three-day cycles of similar activities were also observed. Surprisingly, no correlation was found between the sizes of the combs and the number and intensity of PMFs. We explain this by the fact that a similar amount of unsealed brood was present in combs of different sizes..
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Investigations in the discipline of Melittopalynology are important in the development of apiculture-based honey industry in a country. Honey production and its quality and quantity are fundamentally related to plant species speci...
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Investigations in the discipline of Melittopalynology are important in the development of apiculture-based honey industry in a country. Honey production and its quality and quantity are fundamentally related to plant species specificity and the vegetational pattern around bee colonies. It is therefore imperative that knowledge of the bee ecosystem and its ramifications is an essential prerequisite in apiary management and product development. It is in this background an attempt to review the investigations made in the branch of Melittopalynology in different parts of India have been made in this paper.
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Individually-labelled freshly emerged honeybee workers (A. mellifera) from three unrelated source colonies were introduced into five host colonies. The location of the workers during their first eight days of life was monitored. W...
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Individually-labelled freshly emerged honeybee workers (A. mellifera) from three unrelated source colonies were introduced into five host colonies. The location of the workers during their first eight days of life was monitored. Workers from the same source colony tended to be found more often in the same area of the comb than workers from a different source colony. Although kin recognition among workers cannot be ruled out as a possible mechanism for this pattern, the results can be more readily explained by phenomena related to self-organized pattern formation, individual behavioural threshold variability and genetically determined worker task specialization.
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We document the ability of a population of honey bee colonies to survive in France without Varroa suppression measures. We compared the mortality of collected Varroa surviving bee (VSB) stock with that of miticide-treated Varroa-s...
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We document the ability of a population of honey bee colonies to survive in France without Varroa suppression measures. We compared the mortality of collected Varroa surviving bee (VSB) stock with that of miticide-treated Varroa-susceptible colonies. Varroa infestation did not induce mortality in the VSB colonies. Some of the original colonies survived more than 11 years without treatment and the average survival of the experimental colonies was 6.54 +/- 0.25 years. Swarming was variable (41.50 +/- 9.94%) depending on the year. Honey production was significantly higher (1.7 times) in treated than in VSB colonies. For the first time since Varroa invaded France, our results provide evidence that untreated local honey bee colonies can survive the mite, which may be the basis for integrated Varroa management.
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Bee colonies reproduce by colony division during swarming. In colonies infested by the parasitic mite, Varroa destructor, colony division will at the same time split the mite population between the swarms and the remaining parent ...
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Bee colonies reproduce by colony division during swarming. In colonies infested by the parasitic mite, Varroa destructor, colony division will at the same time split the mite population between the swarms and the remaining parent colonies. The present investigation compares infestation of swarms with that of parent colonies. We found that an average of 25+or-9% of mites left the colonies with natural swarms, while 75+or-9% remained in parent colonies of which 39+or-11% were on bees and 36+or-10% were within sealed brood cells. The relative swarm infestation did not differ from that of the remaining parent colony in this study, but very low proportions of mites within sealed worker brood and a clear negative correlation to the proportion of mites in sealed brood strongly suggest that swarm infestation is asymmetric and lower than that of the remaining colonies..
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Although kin selection is commonly regarded as a major force in the evolution and maintenance of social behaviour in eusocial insects, recent controversy regarding whether honey bee (Apis mellifera L., 1758) workers can discrimina...
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Although kin selection is commonly regarded as a major force in the evolution and maintenance of social behaviour in eusocial insects, recent controversy regarding whether honey bee (Apis mellifera L., 1758) workers can discriminate close kin from more distant relatives casts doubt on the extent to which cooperation among individuals within honey bee colonies is controlled by genetic relatedness. We contrasted brood and honey production in colonies where we diluted worker relatedness with those elements of productivity in colonies where relatedness was unmanipulated. Relatedness manipulation did not affect overall brood production, worker or drone brood production, the worker to drone brood sex ratio, or the volume of honey produced. Thus, there is no evidence that honey bees discriminate close from distant relatives or, more importantly, that dilution of the coefficient of relatedness within a colony has any impact on the efficiency of that colony.
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In T. angustula angustula all males reared in a colony, are exclusively produced by the queen while the workers produce trophic eggs. Through 13 consecutive months from February 1991 to February 1992 of observations of two colonie...
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In T. angustula angustula all males reared in a colony, are exclusively produced by the queen while the workers produce trophic eggs. Through 13 consecutive months from February 1991 to February 1992 of observations of two colonies collected in Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil, males were produced mainly from February to May, although small numbers were produced in other months. The number of males in colony (a) was correlated with the number of honey pots (rs=0.72 P<0.001), the number of pollen pots (rs=0.64 P<0.01) and the number of brood combs present in the colony (rs=0.57 P<0.01). Concerning colony (b), the number of males was also correlated with the number of honey pots (rs=0.71 P<0.01), and the number of pollen pots (rs=0.55 P<0.05). It is hypothesized that as the food supply of a colony increases, so does the food consumption by workers, which promotes the development of their ovaries. As a consequence, more trophic eggs are produced which are consumed subsequently by the queen. Thus, the queen's egg-laying capacity increases as well as the colony as a whole.
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Studies were conducted on a pollen substitute formulated for easy home preparation in the Netherlands in 2001 and 2002. Tests were done with free flying honey bee colonies. In 2001, pollen supply was restricted with pollen traps i...
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Studies were conducted on a pollen substitute formulated for easy home preparation in the Netherlands in 2001 and 2002. Tests were done with free flying honey bee colonies. In 2001, pollen supply was restricted with pollen traps in 9 experimental colonies. Colonies were then equally divided among three treatments: (1) fed pollen substitute, (2) fed bee-collected bee bread, or (3) no supplement. In 2002, the design was similar except that the bee bread treatment was replaced with a control treatment without pollen trap or supplements. The pollen substitute was readily consumed by bees, and brood development (fraction of larvae achieving pupa) did not differ among treatments. In 2002, longevity of bees was highest in colonies fed pollen substitute even though this group had a pollen trap. The average concentration of haemolymph protein did not differ among treatments in 2001, but in 2002 this value was significantly highest in colonies without a pollen trap. The results of this study are applicable for honey bee colonies placed in greenhouses where pollen deficiency negatively affects bee longevity, brood rearing and pollination efficacy..
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It is now early October and though I long ago selected autumn as my favorite season of the year, I do like the lazy days of summer also. All summer, I have had a large population of insects - mostly good ones - on the flowe around...
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It is now early October and though I long ago selected autumn as my favorite season of the year, I do like the lazy days of summer also. All summer, I have had a large population of insects - mostly good ones - on the flowe around my home. They were abruptly gone about the third week in September. I don't recall their departure being so fast in years past. No bumbles, no leaf cutters, no hummingbirds (I know... hummingbirds are not insects), no butterflies. Only a few Hymenopterous stragglers I couldn't identify and a few honey bees were all that was that was left this week. Everything became so quiet. My flower garden reminded me of a bountiful Thanksgiving Day dinner table after the guests had eaten their fill and left.
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