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Changes in the volumes of ice caps considerably alter the stress state of the lithosphere by generating a transient signal that is added to the tectonic background stress field. These stress field changes, in turn, affect crustal ...
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Changes in the volumes of ice caps considerably alter the stress state of the lithosphere by generating a transient signal that is added to the tectonic background stress field. These stress field changes, in turn, affect crustal deformation and in particular the slip behavior of existing faults. Here we use three-dimensional finite element models to investigate how arrays of normal and thrust faults near a growing and subsequently melting ice cap are influenced in their slip evolution. The results show that regardless of fault dip, both types of faults experience a decrease in their slip rate during ice cap advance and an increase in their slip rate during ice cap retreat if they are located beneath the ice cap. In contrast, faults outside the ice cap that are loaded on their footwall or hanging wall only show the opposite pattern: their slip rate increases during glacial loading and decreases during subsequent unloading. If the load is located along strike of the fault; that is, at one of its tips, the slip behavior of normal and thrust faults is different: The normal fault shows a slip rate increase during unloading, the thrust fault during loading. Our results explain the location and timing of deglaciation-induced paleoearthquakes in Scandinavia and the contrasting slip histories reported from normal faults in the Basin and Range Province, which are located at different positions relative to the former Yellowstone ice cap. More generally, our findings imply that a uniform slip behavior of faults in formerly glaciated regions should not be expected.
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Considering the effects that the COVID-19 pandemic had and still has on human psychological health, it is expected that it might also affect household dogs’ and cats’ welfare. The current study explores the behavioral changes in d...
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Considering the effects that the COVID-19 pandemic had and still has on human psychological health, it is expected that it might also affect household dogs’ and cats’ welfare. The current study explores the behavioral changes in dogs and cats before (BL) and during the lockdown (DL), as reported by their owners in China. Besides demographic parameters, variables related to the daily management of dogs and cats were analyzed in relation to behavioral problems, stress-related behaviors, and anxiety-related behaviors before and during the lockdown. A total of 261 questionnaires were collected. In general, behavioral problems and stress-related behaviors in dogs (p < 0.001) and cats (p < 0.001) decreased DL compared to BL, while anxiety-related behaviors in cats did not show any differences between the two periods considered. On the other hand, anxiety-related behaviors were more frequent in dogs DL (36.3%) compared to BL (35%), which were associated with reduced frequency of play activities with the owners (p = 0.016) and altered sleeping habits (p < 0.01). During the lockdown, dogs’ and cats’ daily routines and management (feeding and sleeping habits, dogs’ walks, dogs’ and cats’ play activities, litter box management, and cats’ lifestyle) experienced changes, but they were not associated with any behavioral issues. On the other hand, the behavioral issues considered for dogs and cats were more frequent BL, which were influenced by the daily management of the pets. The current study showed how critical the attention the owners can provide to the pets could be, to improve their companion animals’ welfare. Therefore, it is important to provide pet owners with behavioral management support both during particularly difficult periods such as a lockdown and during regular daily routines.
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This article reviews the pharmacology of the most commonly used antihypertensive medications during pregnancy; their mechanism of action; and the effects on the mother, the fetus, and lactation. Each class of antihypertensive phar...
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This article reviews the pharmacology of the most commonly used antihypertensive medications during pregnancy; their mechanism of action; and the effects on the mother, the fetus, and lactation. Each class of antihypertensive pharmacologic agents have specific mechanisms of action by which they exert their antihypertensive effect. beta-Adrenoreceptor antagonists block these receptors in the peripheral circulation. Calcium channel blockers result in arterial vasodilation. alpha-Agonists inhibit vasoconstriction. Methyldopa is a centrally acting adrenoreceptor antagonist. Vasodilators have a direct effect on vascular smooth muscle. Diuretics decrease intravascular volume. Medications acting on the angiotensin pathway are avoided during pregnancy because of fetotoxic effects.
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During gene transcription, RNA polymerase (Pol) passes through repetitive cycles of adding a nucleotide to the growing mRNA chain. Here we obtained a movie of the nucleotide addition cycle by combining structural information on di...
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During gene transcription, RNA polymerase (Pol) passes through repetitive cycles of adding a nucleotide to the growing mRNA chain. Here we obtained a movie of the nucleotide addition cycle by combining structural information on different functional states of the Pol II elongation complex (EC). The movie illustrates the two-step loading of the nucleoside triphosphate (NTP) substrate, closure of the active site for catalytic nucleotide incorporation, and the presumed two-step translocation of DNA and RNA, which is accompanied by coordinated conformational changes in the polymerase bridge helix and trigger loop. The movie facilitates teaching and a mechanistic analysis of transcription and can be downloaded from http://www.Imb.uni-muenchen.de/cramer/pr-materials.
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The dynamics and climatology of midlatitude trough minimum have been widely investigated. However, the detailed magnetic local time (MLT) evolution of the trough walls (both equatorward and poleward) has not been well addressed. I...
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The dynamics and climatology of midlatitude trough minimum have been widely investigated. However, the detailed magnetic local time (MLT) evolution of the trough walls (both equatorward and poleward) has not been well addressed. In this study, we used nearly 10-year Planar Langmuir Probe (PLP) data from the CHAMP satellite to investigate how the location and shape of midlatitude trough evolve during night hours. We find that (1) the trough equatorward wall experiences an obvious equatorward extension in the premidnight sector, with steepness rapidly decreasing during the same local time sector; (2) the trough equatorward wall is as steep as poleward wall in the dusk sector; and (3) the trough poleward wall shows no remarkable change during the whole nighttime, except for a weakly reduced width and a slightly enhanced steepness near midnight. We suggest that the rapid extension of the equatorward wall in the premidnight sector is closely related to the plasma equatorward movement caused by the neutral winds. The rapid decrease of the steepness of the equatorward wall in the premidnight sector is not only influenced by its own width expansion but possibly also related to the upward plasma drift caused by neutral winds. The trough minimum and equatorward/poleward boundaries are found located at slightly higher magnetic latitude during equinoxes than that during solstice seasons.
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Bezugnehmend auf den praktisch sehr informativen CME-Beitrag zur Arteriitis temporalis von den Kollegen Sander/ Schneider mbchte ich gerne zwei An-merkungen machen. Bei Patienten mit bereits eingetretener okularer Symptomatik empf...
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Bezugnehmend auf den praktisch sehr informativen CME-Beitrag zur Arteriitis temporalis von den Kollegen Sander/ Schneider mbchte ich gerne zwei An-merkungen machen. Bei Patienten mit bereits eingetretener okularer Symptomatik empfiehlt es sich nach eigener Erfahrung neben einer Peri-metrie die Indikation zu einer MR-angio-graphischen Darstellung aller hirnversor-genden Arterien breit zu stellen. Dies gilt insbesondere dann, wenn diese sich so-nomorphologisch schlecht beurteilen lassen.
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This review discusses musculoskeletal problems and issues pertinent to trauma treatment in pregnant women, such as fetal radiographic exposure, surgical timing and indications, anticoagulation, and anesthetic strategies.
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Background: Exercise seems to protect from breastcancer (BC) and this protection is likely mediatedthrough weight control during menopause. Considering that night work is associated with higherrisk for BC. Objective: The aim of th...
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Background: Exercise seems to protect from breastcancer (BC) and this protection is likely mediatedthrough weight control during menopause. Considering that night work is associated with higherrisk for BC. Objective: The aim of this study wasto examine the possible relation of BC risk todaytime or nighttime hours of exercise. Methods:The material was taken from primary elements ofa doctoral thesis at the Department of Midwifery,University of West Attica that examines the impactof the characteristics of exercising on BC. The datawere obtained from relevant questionnaires filledin at a big private hospital, following a relevantpermit of the scientific committee, and adjustedGoogle Forms, ensuring anonymity. Results: Almost3 times more women without a history of BC wereexclusively exercising during the daytime compared to the ones with a history of BC who wereexclusively exercising during the nighttime (40 vs15). On the contrary, a smaller number of womenwithout a history of BC were exclusively exercisingduring the nighttime compared to the ones witha history of BC who were exclusively exercisingduring the nighttime (17 vs 20) (odds ratio >3with a confidence interval >1 to >7.5 and p<0.05).Conclusion: It seems that the protective impact ofexercising on BC is mitigated when the exercise isperformed exclusively during night hours.
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The recent SARS‐CoV‐2 pandemic has resulted in significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. The healthcare systems, including pharmacies, faced unique challenges, such as managing ?an?overwhelming patient influx, clinical work...
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The recent SARS‐CoV‐2 pandemic has resulted in significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. The healthcare systems, including pharmacies, faced unique challenges, such as managing ?an?overwhelming patient influx, clinical workforce management, transitioning to remote or online work, medication procurement and several others. The purpose of this study is to describe our hospital pharmacy’s experience dealing with the COVID-19 pandemic and to present solutions to the challenges that arose. We retrospectively reviewed and consolidated strategies, interventions, and solutions that were implemented by our pharmaceutical institute in response to the challenges that arose during the COVID-19 pandemic. The study period was from March 1 to September 30, 2020. We reviewed and organized our hospital pharmacy response to the COVID-19 pandemic into different categories. In inpatient and outpatient satisfaction surveys, physicians and patients expressed a high level of satisfaction with pharmacy services. The close collaboration between the pharmacy team and other clinicians was demonstrated through the number of pharmacist interventions, participation in the COVID-19 guidelines reviews, involvement in local and international research, and innovative solutions to inpatient and outpatient pharmacy medication management challenges. This study highlights the crucial role that our pharmacists and pharmaceutical institute played in ensuring continuity of care during the COVID-19 pandemic. We implemented several key initiatives, innovations, and collaborations with other clinical disciplines to successfully overcome the challenges faced.
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Background/study context: Recent studies have shown that young adults better remember factual information they are curious about. It is not entirely clear, however, whether this effect is retained during aging. Here, the authors i...
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Background/study context: Recent studies have shown that young adults better remember factual information they are curious about. It is not entirely clear, however, whether this effect is retained during aging. Here, the authors investigated curiosity-driven memory benefits in young and elderly individuals. Methods: In two experiments, young (age range 18-26) and older (age range 65-89) adults read trivia questions and rated their curiosity to find out the answer. They also attended to task-irrelevant faces presented between the trivia question and the answer. The authors then administered a surprise memory test to assess recall accuracy for trivia answers and recognition memory performance for the incidentally learned faces. Results: In both young and elderly adults, recall performance was higher for answers to questions that elicited high levels of curiosity. In Experiment 1, the authors also found that faces presented in temporal proximity to curiosity-eliciting trivia questions were better recognized, indicating that the beneficial effects of curiosity extended to the encoding of task-irrelevant material. Conclusions: These findings show that elderly individuals benefit from the memory-enhancing effects of curiosity. This may lead to the implementation of learning strategies that target and stimulate curiosity in aging.
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