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Purpose - The confusion over what counts as "strategic" is widely acknowledged to be a problem for both research and practice. The paper aims to develop a robust definition of "strategic decisions" and a classifying tool that dist...
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Purpose - The confusion over what counts as "strategic" is widely acknowledged to be a problem for both research and practice. The paper aims to develop a robust definition of "strategic decisions" and a classifying tool that distinguishes them from grand tactical, tactical, and other organizational decisions. Design/methodology/approach - An extensive literature review focused on the leading journals is carried out. Articles having "strategic decision" in the abstract are retrieved from EBSCO Host and ProQuest One Academic databases. Definitions of "strategic decisions" are critically assessed and classified to form the trigger and basis of the development of new definition. Findings - The literature review identifies five approaches by which strategic decisions are defined, and their limitations are exposed. The proposed definitions of "strategic," grand tactical, and tactical decisions, and the novel classification tree, used to distinguish those decisions, are shown to be more accurate and robust than those previously offered in the literature. Originality/value - New definitions of "strategic," grand tactical, and tactical decisions are offered; and a new classifying tool is developed.
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Platform business tactics are highly visible and dominant in business today. Prominent firms in industries such as information services, retail, and travel, have embraced platform thinking. Still, many others are engaged in a plat...
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Platform business tactics are highly visible and dominant in business today. Prominent firms in industries such as information services, retail, and travel, have embraced platform thinking. Still, many others are engaged in a platform game without realizing it, often to negative consequences. This monograph develops this theme with an illustrative focus on the battery electric vehicle segment of the automobile industry. It traces the development of the industry, identifies key decisions by various participants, and analyzes these decisions from a platform strategy lens.
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In the last two decades, the analysis of tactical knowledge has become a research channel of increasing interest, contributing to the development of ad-hoc tools to carry out this task. The aim of this study is to collect evaluati...
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In the last two decades, the analysis of tactical knowledge has become a research channel of increasing interest, contributing to the development of ad-hoc tools to carry out this task. The aim of this study is to collect evaluation tools which allow to measure the declarative tactical knowledge (DTK) in soccer. Five databases (Web of Sciences, Pub Med, SportDiscus, Psycinfo and Eric) were used for the literature search based on PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses) guidelines, according to five inclusion/exclusion criteria: (i) tools that determinate DTK in soccer players, (ii) come from primary sources, that is, published for the first time, (iii) show game-play scenarios in video sequences or static images via questionnaires, (iv) have been submitted to a process of validity and reliability, (v) and avoid the use of verbal language. Nine tools were selected and analyzed in this systematic review: Soccer decision-making tests (McMorris, in Percept Mot Ski 85(2):467, 1997), Protocol for the evaluation of declarative tactical knowledge (Mangas, in Conhecimento declarativo no futebol: Estudo comparativo em praticantes federados e nao-federados, do escalao de sub-14, Dissertacao de Mestrado, Faculdade de Desporto da Universidade do Porto, 1999), Questionnaire for the evaluation of tactical comprehension applied to football--CECTAF--(De la Vega, in Cultura, Ciencia y Deporte, 2002. https://repositorio.uam.es/bitstream/handle/10486/1723/11535_vega_marcos_ricardodela.pdf sequence=1), Decision making instrument for Soccer (Fontana, in The development of a decision making instrument for soccer, Master's degree dissertation, University of Pittsburgh, 2004. http://d-scholarship.pitt.edu/10124/), Game Understanding Test (Blomqvist et al., in Phys Educ Sport Pedagogy 10(2):107-119, 2005), Offensive Football Tactical Knowledge Test--TCTOF--(Serra-Olivares and Garcia-Lopez, in Revista Internacional De Medicina y Ciencias De La Actividad Fisica y Del Deporte 16(63):521-536, 2016. https://doi.org/10.15366/rimcafd2016.63.008), Video-based decision-making test (Keller et al., in Int J Sports Sci Coach 13(6):1057-1066, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1177/1747954118760778), Decision-Making form IOS application (Bennett et al., in J Sci Med Sport 22(6):729-734, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2018.12.011) and TacticUP video test for soccer (Machado and Teoldo, in Front Psychol, 2020. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01690). Most of the tools did not pass many of the criteria proposed to assess their quality. Fundamentally, it can be concluded that few tools show specific tactical scores based on game principles or subroles that allow identifying possible points of improvement in the knowledge that players have on specific aspects of the game. For this reason, and based on the other findings found in this review, future studies should consider: (i) the importance of designing tools that reflect scores based on tactical principles and game subroles; (ii) the advantages and disadvantages of designing tools based on static images or video sequences; (iii) the need to design tools that can access the DTK of young children; (iv) the requirement to design tools that present game-play scenarios in the first person; (v) the essentiality of facing the tools designed to rigorous processes of validity and reliability.
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Grounded in part the previous literature on household decision making and in part in the literature on tourism decision making, this paper tries to add to the literature by surveying Turkish academics with respect to spousal purch...
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Grounded in part the previous literature on household decision making and in part in the literature on tourism decision making, this paper tries to add to the literature by surveying Turkish academics with respect to spousal purchase decisions. In particular, the study assesses the decision tactics used for several consumer goods including vacation and travel and the link between decision tactics and consumer satisfaction/likelihood to produce positive word of mouth. The study findings confirm that spousal opinions matter and that compromise is a commonly used tactic, regardless of their features of durability (e.g. car, furniture) or non-durability (e.g. vacation, eating out), followed by the introduction of persuasion as the next most powerful tactic. Compromise is also positively associated with the level of consumer/tourist satisfaction with the product and the intention to recommend.
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Solid waste management (SWM) is an increasingly complex task, absorbing a huge amount of resources and having a major environmental impact. Computerized systems based on operations research techniques can help decision makers to a...
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Solid waste management (SWM) is an increasingly complex task, absorbing a huge amount of resources and having a major environmental impact. Computerized systems based on operations research techniques can help decision makers to achieve remarkable cost savings as well as to improve waste recovery. Nevertheless, the literature is quite scattered and disorganized. The objective of this paper is to present an updated survey of the most relevant operations research literature on SWM, mainly focusing on strategic and tactical issues. In addition to providing an extensive bibliographic coverage, we describe the relationships between the various problems, and outline future research.
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A decision support system (DSS) was developed in consultation with wheat farmers in the mediterranean wheat growing region of Western Australia. This system is targeted at decisions to be made at the start of the season and provid...
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A decision support system (DSS) was developed in consultation with wheat farmers in the mediterranean wheat growing region of Western Australia. This system is targeted at decisions to be made at the start of the season and provides information about changes in the yield distribution of wheat given seasonal conditions to date. The DSS also access to historical weather records, which may be analysed according to simple, user defined rules. [References: 6]
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This paper presents information about the effects of decisions that a driver can make to influence on-road fuel economy of light-duty vehicles. These include strategic decisions (vehicle selection and maintenance), tactical decisi...
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This paper presents information about the effects of decisions that a driver can make to influence on-road fuel economy of light-duty vehicles. These include strategic decisions (vehicle selection and maintenance), tactical decisions (route selection and vehicle load), and operational decisions (driver behavior). The results indicate that vehicle selection has by far the most dominant effect: The best vehicle currently available for sale in the U.S. is nine times more fuel efficient than the worst vehicle. Nevertheless, the remaining factors that a driver has control over can contribute, in total, to about a 45% reduction in the on-road fuel economy per driver-a magnitude well worth emphasizing. Furthermore, increased efforts should also be directed at increasing vehicle occupancy, which has dropped by 30% from 1960. That drop, by itself, increased the energy intensity of driving per occupant by about 30%.
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The aim of this study was to compare the tactical knowledge of young football players in different playing positions during a three-a-side small-sided game (SSG). Observational data was collected from 71 players (M = 12.16; SD = 1...
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The aim of this study was to compare the tactical knowledge of young football players in different playing positions during a three-a-side small-sided game (SSG). Observational data was collected from 71 players (M = 12.16; SD = 1.55 years): 11 goalkeepers, 22 defenders, 15 midfielders, and 23 forwards. In total, 4 min of three-a-side SSGs (GR + 3 vs. 3 + GR) were recorded to assess tactical performance using a digital camera (GoPro Hero 6? version 02.01). The SSGs were performed on a field with a constant area (36 × 27 m). Video analyses were performed using LongoMatch? version 1.5.9 to record football performance; we then assessed tactical performance by using the Football Tactical Assessment System (Fut-Sat). This instrument evaluates the average of well-defined action indexes for each game in decision making principle and motor skills, specifically: (i) Decision Making Index (DMI); (ii) Motor Effectiveness Index (MEI); (iii) Effectiveness Index (I). The indexes were calculated by the ratio between the correct actions and the total. The Kruskal-Wallis test was used to evaluate differences between playing positions. The results showed that tactical performance by principles seems to be significantly different according to playing position. Differences were found between defenders and forwards (H = ?11.92; p = 0.03) and defenders and midfielders (H = ?16.13; p = 0.01) in contention principle. In conclusion, tactical knowledge of training based on the principles of the game can help coaches and players better understand and predict each player's actions during the game.
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The United States Army is embracing the use of new information technologies to achieve tactical advantage over potential adversaries. Existing and future informa- tion systems place a significant load on the tactical data network,...
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The United States Army is embracing the use of new information technologies to achieve tactical advantage over potential adversaries. Existing and future informa- tion systems place a significant load on the tactical data network, resulting in bandwidth management crisis, yet there is no prioritization, allocation, planning or manage- ment tool available to simulate information flows over time for different communications configurations under different operational conditions. The development of such a tool requires the implementation of a communication network model and the supporting discrete-event simula- tion system.
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Management planning is a hierarchical process that translates objectives to strategies, 'what' will be done, and strategies to tactics,'how' it will be done. A strategy specifies what will be done about a human pressure using a re...
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Management planning is a hierarchical process that translates objectives to strategies, 'what' will be done, and strategies to tactics,'how' it will be done. A strategy specifies what will be done about a human pressure using a reference to signal when the pressure is unacceptable. The reference is established from consideration of the response by valued attributes to alternative references. Two types of management decisions are invoked by the planning process, strategic decisions that establish a suitable reference for the pressure and tactical decisions that identify levels of a management measure that keep the pressure acceptable relative to the reference. An Ecosystem Approach for Management can be made operational through a progressive evolution of traditional fisheries management that extends strategies beyond consideration of productivity for only the harvested resources to productivity, biodiversity and habitat of the ecosystem and then integrates the cumulative effects across managed human activities. The consideration of more pressures and attributes will require some sort of triage to identify priorities for first attention
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