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Three studies investigated antecedents and consequences of stereotype threat for female employees. The results of Studies 1 and 2 suggest that social comparisons with men are associated with feelings of stereotype threat whereas s...
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Three studies investigated antecedents and consequences of stereotype threat for female employees. The results of Studies 1 and 2 suggest that social comparisons with men are associated with feelings of stereotype threat whereas social comparisons with women are not. Stereotype threat, in turn, was associated with conflict surrounding women’s identity as female employees and with decreased perceived likelihood of achieving career goals. Study 3 extended these findings by demonstrating that feelings of stereotype threat are also negatively related to workplace attitudes and turnover intentions. Furthermore, the effect of stereotype threat on these job attitudes and intentions was itself mediated by identity conflict and perceived likelihood of achieving career goals. Implications and limitations of these findings are discussed.
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In Northern Mali, natural depressions are filled when the Niger River overflows. They are therefore of high value for agriculture. The government chose to construct heavy irrigation infra-structures as a priority for the developme...
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In Northern Mali, natural depressions are filled when the Niger River overflows. They are therefore of high value for agriculture. The government chose to construct heavy irrigation infra-structures as a priority for the development of the region. As social peace in Northern Mali is an important issue, this priority has economic, social, and political consequences. Nevertheless, the analysis of the story of Lake Horo development (the only lake that has been developed for irrigation in Mali) and its consequences leads to questions about developmental strategies based solely on irrigation, when the traditional flood recession agriculture advantages are still valuable in this kind of natural and social context.
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The Beauce aquifer (France) is one of the few subjected to volumetric management resulting from a negotiation between farmers and the administration. Since 1999, a quota has been allocated to each of the 3,600 irrigated farms loca...
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The Beauce aquifer (France) is one of the few subjected to volumetric management resulting from a negotiation between farmers and the administration. Since 1999, a quota has been allocated to each of the 3,600 irrigated farms located on six administrative counties. Each year, quotas are weighted by a coefficient of reduction linked to the average piezometric level. The decrease in the level since 2003 has led to a reduction of withdrawal permission with uncertainties for the future. This paper presents an approach developed with actors to analyze their adaptations and the agronomic and economic consequences of a thus far hypothetical substantial reduction in irrigation quantities.
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Cet article rappelle que les techniques de culture sans labour (TCSL), developpees initialement en Amerique du Nord comme moyen de lutte contre l'erosion, se sont diversifiees et connaissent une forte extension mondiale, y compris...
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Cet article rappelle que les techniques de culture sans labour (TCSL), developpees initialement en Amerique du Nord comme moyen de lutte contre l'erosion, se sont diversifiees et connaissent une forte extension mondiale, y compris en Europe. En Franceapres leur extension recente, pres de la moitie des cultures de cereales d'hiver sont cultivees en TCSL, ce qui conduit a repenser les systemes de culture. Cet article en introduit trois autres concernant les effets des TCSL sur la structure du sol, lalutte contre les plantes adventices ainsi que sur le bilan energetique et le bilan d'emission des ga2 a effet de serre des systemes de culture.
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This paper is an attempt to show how the metalanguage is important in building a logic dealing with uncertainties. We shall address this issue from two different angles. In one we shall propose a new way to look at the notion of c...
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This paper is an attempt to show how the metalanguage is important in building a logic dealing with uncertainties. We shall address this issue from two different angles. In one we shall propose a new way to look at the notion of consequence by introducing a series of metalogical notions based on the metalanguage and its interpretation; and in the other we shall present concrete systems of graded logic, which are generated based on both the object language, metalanguage, and their interrelations. (c) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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Bolzano's definition of consequence in effect associates with each set X of symbols (in a given interpreted language) a consequence relation ?x. We present this in a precise and abstract form, in particular studying minimal sets o...
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Bolzano's definition of consequence in effect associates with each set X of symbols (in a given interpreted language) a consequence relation ?x. We present this in a precise and abstract form, in particular studying minimal sets of symbols generating ?x. Then we present a method for going in the other direction: extracting from an arbitrary consequence relation ? its associated set C _? of constants. We show that this returns the expected logical constants from familiar consequence relations, and that, restricting attention to sets of symbols satisfying a strong minimality condition, there is an isomorphism between the set of strongly minimal sets of symbols and the set of corresponding consequence relations (both ordered under inclusion).
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Bolzano’s definition of consequence in effect associates with each set X of symbols (in a given interpreted language) a consequence relation ${\Rightarrow_X}$ . We present this in a precise and abstract form, in particular studyi...
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Bolzano’s definition of consequence in effect associates with each set X of symbols (in a given interpreted language) a consequence relation ${\Rightarrow_X}$ . We present this in a precise and abstract form, in particular studying minimal sets of symbols generating ${\Rightarrow_X}$ . Then we present a method for going in the other direction: extracting from an arbitrary consequence relation ${\Rightarrow}$ its associated set ${C_\Rightarrow}$ of constants. We show that this returns the expected logical constants from familiar consequence relations, and that, restricting attention to sets of symbols satisfying a strong minimality condition, there is an isomorphism between the set of strongly minimal sets of symbols and the set of corresponding consequence relations (both ordered under inclusion).
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The economic and environmental consequences of inefficient use of nitrogen (N) fertiliser in agricultural crops is of concern worldwide, so new crop varieties with improved nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) are sought. Here, we report...
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The economic and environmental consequences of inefficient use of nitrogen (N) fertiliser in agricultural crops is of concern worldwide, so new crop varieties with improved nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) are sought. Here, we report the first study of mapping quantitative trait loci (QTL) for nitrogen physiology traits in sugarcane. QTL analysis was undertaken for each parent of a segregating bi-parental sugarcane mapping population. We grew 168 progeny under limiting (0.2mM NH4NO3) and non-limiting (5.0mM NH4NO3) N supplies in two glasshouse experiments. Significant marker-trait associations (MTA) were detected in each treatment for shoot dry weight, root dry weight, total shoot N, shoot internal NUE (iNUE; measured as units shoot dry weight per unit N), leaf protein content and glutamine synthetase (GS) activity. MTA for GS activity did not co-locate with other traits except leaf protein content, indicating that variation in GS activity is not linked to plant size or iNUE during early growth. Under high N, there were no significant MTA for iNUE among markers from the male parent, Q165, an Australian commercial cultivar, but six MTA were found for markers inherited from the female parent, IJ76-514, a Saccharum officinarum ancestral variety. The results indicate that variation for iNUE under high N may be lower in commercial varieties than unimproved genotypes. Further, four MTA were consistent with previous field-based research on sugar and biomass production. Our study provides initial evidence that QTL may be incorporated in sugarcane breeding programs targeting improved NUE.
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Infertility affects more than 10% of the world's population. In developing countries, there are severe social, psychological and economic consequences for infertile men and women. All of the cited references are compiled from prim...
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Infertility affects more than 10% of the world's population. In developing countries, there are severe social, psychological and economic consequences for infertile men and women. All of the cited references are compiled from primary peer-reviewed research articles that were conducted through one-to-one interviews or focus groups in countries of developing regions, such as Africa, Asia and the Middle East. The following paper seeks to raise awareness of the consequences of infertility in developing nations and identify infertility as an under-observed, but significant public health issue. It is proposed that education programmes tailored to each society's specific religious beliefs and grounded traditions must be implemented in order to reverse the social stigma, detrimental psychological effects, and loss of economic security that results from infertility.
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