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Abstract Climate change has significantly impacted vegetation phenology across the globe with vegetation experiencing an advance in the spring green-up phases and a delay in fall senescence. However, some studies from high latitud...
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Abstract Climate change has significantly impacted vegetation phenology across the globe with vegetation experiencing an advance in the spring green-up phases and a delay in fall senescence. However, some studies from high latitudes and high elevations have instead shown delayed spring phenology, owing to a lack of chilling fulfillment and altered snow cover and photoperiods. Here we use the MODIS satellite-derived view-angle corrected surface reflectance data (MCD43A4) to document the four phenological phases in the high elevations of the Sikkim Himalaya and compared the phenological trends between below-treeline zones and above-treeline zones. This analysis of remotely sensed data for the study period (2001-2017) reveals considerable shifts in the phenology of the Sikkim Himalaya. Advances in the spring start of the season phase (SOS) were more pronounced than delays in the dates for maturity (MAT), senescence (EOS), and advanced dormancy (DOR). The SOS significantly advanced by 21.3 days while the MAT and EOS were delayed by 15.7 days and 6.5 days respectively over the 17-year study period. The DOR showed an advance of 8.2 days over the study period. The region below the treeline showed more pronounced shifts in phenology with respect to an advanced SOS and a delayed EOS and DOR that above treeline. The MAT, however, showed a greater delay in the zone above the treeline than below. Lastly, unlike other studies from high elevations, there is no indication that winter chilling requirements are driving the spring phenology in this region. We discuss four possible explanations for why vegetation phenology in the high elevations of the Eastern Himalaya may exhibit trends independent of chilling requirements and soil moisture due to mediation by snow cover.
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Climate, especially temperature, light and precipitation, plays a decisive role in growing and maturating processes as well as for the health of the vine. Several studies have investigated the relationships between climate and phe...
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Climate, especially temperature, light and precipitation, plays a decisive role in growing and maturating processes as well as for the health of the vine. Several studies have investigated the relationships between climate and phenology. The study presented here is primarily focused on the region of the Upper Moselle, especially on the viticulture in Luxembourg. First, we analysed climatic and phenological data of the last 40 years in order to detect trends and to find possible relationships between climate and phenology. Second, phenological models based on multiple regression methods, are set up in order to calculate, out of meteorological data, the phenological events. We focused on bud burst and flowering events and further on must density and acidity at harvest time for seven different vine varieties. As these models use mainly meteorological data, they can also be computed based on climate model output. In this project the consortial runs of the regional climate model CCLM are used, in order to estimate the phenological events until 2050.
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From 2004 to 2005 the COST-action 725 was running with the main objective to establish a European reference data set of phenological observations that can be used for climatological purposes, especially climate monitoring, and det...
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From 2004 to 2005 the COST-action 725 was running with the main objective to establish a European reference data set of phenological observations that can be used for climatological purposes, especially climate monitoring, and detection of changes. So far the common database/reference data set of COST725 comprises about 8 million data in total from 15 European countries plus the data from the International Phenological Gardens IPG. 7300 observation sites cover the timeframe from 1951 to 2000. ZAMG is hosting the database. In January 2010 PEP725 began its work as follow up project with funding from EUMETNET the network of European meteorological services and of ZAMG the Austrian national meteorological service.PEP725 not only will take over the part of maintaining, updating the database, but also to bring in phenological data from the time before 1951, developing better quality checking procedures and ensuring an open access to the database. An attractive webpage will make phenology and climate impacts on vegetation more visible in the public enabling a monitoring of vegetation development.
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A phenological calendar with 24 phenological phases was compiled for three meteorological stations in Estonia for the period 1948-1996. We analysed the length of the vegetation period, the order of the phenological phases, and the...
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A phenological calendar with 24 phenological phases was compiled for three meteorological stations in Estonia for the period 1948-1996. We analysed the length of the vegetation period, the order of the phenological phases, and the variability and possible changes for two incremental climate change scenarios (+-2 deg C), and compared the results with examples of extreme years. The statistically significant linear trends show that the spring and summer-time phenological phases occurred earlier and the autumn phases moved later during the study period. The study of extreme (minimum and maximum) years shows that 70% of the earliest dates of the 24 phases studied have occurred during the last 15 years with an absolute maximum in 1990 with 8 extreme phases. The phenological spring has shortened (slope -0.23), the summer period has lengthened (slope 0.04), and the autumn has lengthened too. The length of the growing season, determined by the vegetation of rye, has shortened (slope -0.09), which could be the result of changing agricultural technology. The correlation between the starting dates of the phenological phases with the air temperature of the previous 2-3 months is relatively high (0.6-0.8). Studying the +2 deg C and -2 deg C scenarios and values for the extreme years shows that, in the case of short variations of air temperature, the phenological development remains within the limits of natural variation.
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Die phanologische Entwicklung der Pflanzen gibt Auskunft über den Einfluss der Witterung auf die Vegetation und kann sowohl auf der Ebene des Einzelindividuums als auch global erhoben werden. Für Waldbaume besteht in der Schweiz...
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Die phanologische Entwicklung der Pflanzen gibt Auskunft über den Einfluss der Witterung auf die Vegetation und kann sowohl auf der Ebene des Einzelindividuums als auch global erhoben werden. Für Waldbaume besteht in der Schweiz seit 2000 ein phanologisches Beobachtungsnetz, das in Erganzung der ICP-Forests-Erhebungen (International Co-operative Programme on Assessment and Monitoring of Air Pollution Effects on Forests) die Saisonalitat festhalt. Ein Vergleich der Blattverfarbung am Standort Kaiseraugst hat gezeigt, dass Buchen, Eichen und Eschen durch die Sommertrockenheit im Jahre 2003 unterschiedlich beeinflusst wurden. Mit dem Forschungsprojekt Phenophot des Geografischen Instituts der Universitat Bern entsteht seit 2004 ein digitaler Bilddatensatz, der es erlaubt, phanologische Beobachtungen objektiv und reproduzierbar zu machen. Aus den Rot-Grün-Blau-Kanaldaten des digitalen Sensors wird ein phanolo-gischer Wachstumsindex (Phenological Growing Index, PGI) abgeleitet, der die Aussage satellitengestützter Vegetationsindizes wie des NDVI (Normalised Differenced Vegetation Index) auf Subpixelniveau erganzen und damit eine Verbesserung der Aussagen bezüglich Anfang, Verlauf und Ende der Vegetationsperiode liefern kann. Ein erster Vergleich des pha-nologischen Frühlingsindexes mit dem satellitengestützten NDVI hat gezeigt, dass der jahrliche Frühlingseintritt am besten mit der Festlegung eines NDVI-Grenzwertes nachvollzogen werden kann.
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The present study sought to determine which of the common Poaceae species in the study area contribute most to the Poaceae pollen season curve, and to determine the phenological behaviour of the species studied. The different flor...
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The present study sought to determine which of the common Poaceae species in the study area contribute most to the Poaceae pollen season curve, and to determine the phenological behaviour of the species studied. The different floral phenophases in thirty-three Poaceae species common in and around the city of Cordoba (SW Iberian Peninsula) were checked periodically over the period 2004-2006. Results showed that longer phenological ranges were recorded in the coolest and wettest year, and shorter ranges in the warmest and driest year. Moreover, ranges varied as a function of altitude: populations in lower-lying areas flowered earlier than those at higher altitudes. The results, taken in conjunction with the findings of preliminary research into potential pollen production, showed that probably only four of the Poaceae species studied-Dactylis glomerata, Lolium rigidum, Trisetaria panicea and Vulpia geniculata-were major contributors to the Poaceae airborne pollen curve.
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Climate warming strongly influences reproductive phenology of plants in alpine and Arctic ecosystems. Here, we focus on phenological shifts caused by experimental warming in a typical alpine meadow on the Tibetan Plateau. Under so...
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Climate warming strongly influences reproductive phenology of plants in alpine and Arctic ecosystems. Here, we focus on phenological shifts caused by experimental warming in a typical alpine meadow on the Tibetan Plateau. Under soil water stress caused by warming, most plants in the alpine meadow advanced or delayed their reproductive events to be aligned with the timing of peak rainfall. As a result, warming significantly increased the temporal overlap among reproductive stages of early- and late-flowering species. In addition, we found that some species, for example the late-flowering species, were unable to produce flowers and fruits under warming with failed monsoon rains. The potentially warmer- and drier-growing seasons under climate change may similarly shift the phenological patterns and change species composition of these alpine systems.
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Measures of the seasonal timing of biological events are key to addressing questions about how phenology evolves, modifies species interactions, and mediates biological responses to climate change. Phenology is often characterized...
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Measures of the seasonal timing of biological events are key to addressing questions about how phenology evolves, modifies species interactions, and mediates biological responses to climate change. Phenology is often characterized in terms of discrete events, such as a date of first flowering or arrival of first migrants.We discuss how phenological events that are typically measured at the population or species level arise from distributions of phenological events across seasons, and from norms of reaction of these phenological events across environments. We argue that individual variation in phenological distributions and reaction norms has important implications for how we should collect, analyze, and interpret phenological information. Regarding phenology as a reaction norm rather than one year's specific values implies that selection acts on the phenologies that an individual expresses over its lifetime. To understand how climate change is likely to influence phenology, we need to consider not only plastic responses along the reaction norm but changes in the reaction norm itself.We show that when individuals vary in their reaction norms, correlations between reaction norm elevation and slope make first events particularly poor estimators of population sensitivity to climate change, and variation in slopes can obscure the pattern of selection on phenology. We also show that knowing the shape of the distribution of phenological events across the season is important for predicting biologically important phenological mismatches with climate change. Last, because phenological events are parts of a continuous developmental process, we suggest that the approach of measuring phenology by recording developmental stages of individuals in a population at a single point in time should be used more widely. We conclude that failure to account for phenological distributions and reaction norms may lead to overinterpretation of metrics based on single events, such as commonly re
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Species-specific shifts in phenology (timing of periodic life cycle events) are occurring with climate change and are already disrupting interactions within and among trophic levels. Phenological phase duration (e.g. beginning to ...
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Species-specific shifts in phenology (timing of periodic life cycle events) are occurring with climate change and are already disrupting interactions within and among trophic levels. Phenological phase duration (e.g. beginning to end of flowering) and complementarity (patterns of nonoverlap), and their responses to changing conditions, will be important determinants of species' adaptive capacity to these shifts. Evidence indicates that extension of phenological duration of mutualistic partners could buffer negative impacts that occur with phenological shifts. Therefore, we suggest that techniques to extend the length of phenological duration will contribute to management of systems experiencing phenological asynchrony. Techniques of phenological phase extension discussed include the role of abiotic heterogeneity, genetic and species diversity, and alteration of population timing. We explore these approaches with the goal of creating a framework to build adaptive capacity and address phenological asynchrony in plant-animal mutualisms under climate change.
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? 2022 The Author(s)The phenology, or timing of key life-history events, of many globally important crops and the insects that pollinate them are shifting because of the changing climate. Where these temporal shifts occur at diffe...
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? 2022 The Author(s)The phenology, or timing of key life-history events, of many globally important crops and the insects that pollinate them are shifting because of the changing climate. Where these temporal shifts occur at different rates or in different directions, it induces a risk of phenological mismatch, potentially reducing the quality and quantity of crop production. This study makes use of 48 years of UK citizen science (pollinating bee records) and systematic (apple flowering) data to report phenological shifts of apples and their bee-pollinator community. It quantifies the mismatches between peak flowering and flight dates which could potentially cause pollination deficits. Flowering onset and peak flowering dates of Bramley apples advanced throughout the study period. This advance was primarily driven by early spring temperatures, with peak flowering dates advancing by 6.7 ± 0.9 per 1 °C warming. In addition, increasing spring rainfall significantly delayed flowering dates by 0.4 ± 0.1 days per 10 mm additional rainfall. By contrast, bee phenology shifted in a non-linear manner, advancing from 1970 to 1985 before plateauing until the end of the study period. The peak flight date of the apple pollinating bee community appears to be similarly sensitive to spring temperatures, experiencing an advance of 6.5 ± 2.1 days per 1 °C warming, although individual bee species responses to climate varied. Furthermore, this study compared the phenological trends to assess the potential risk of asynchrony between crop and pollinator phenology. The different response patterns in the phenology of apples and bees led to shifting patterns of temporal mismatch between peak flowering and peak flight over time. Differences in sensitivity to climate do not appear to directly contribute to the phenological mismatch. Finally, this study highlights the potential value of citizen science data (with sufficient quality control) in understanding phenological shifts and mismatches and highlights potentially increasing temporal mismatch between apple trees and their bee pollinators.
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