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Genetic diversity was detected in 11 cultivars of triticale registered in the Czech Republic by means of polymorphism of prolamin proteins using the PAGE ISTA method. The polymorphism of prolamin proteins allowed the differentiati...
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Genetic diversity was detected in 11 cultivars of triticale registered in the Czech Republic by means of polymorphism of prolamin proteins using the PAGE ISTA method. The polymorphism of prolamin proteins allowed the differentiation of the individual triticale cultivars in 2002 and 2003 harvests. Based on Dice's calculations of coefficients of similarity in parallel with the uniform genotypes, genotypes with sister prolamin spectra with a different percentage of participation in the respective years were discovered. A uniform spectrum was detected in the following cultivars: Disco, Kolor, Lamberto, Marko, Presto, Sekundo, Ticino and Tricolor; Kitaro and Modus were dimorphous cultivars. In 2003, three sister prolamin lines appeared in cv. Gabo and in 2004 only two. In 2003, a 5% admixture of a foreign genotype was detected in cv. Marko. Typical of the unknown genotype was the gliadin block Gld 1B3, which is the marker of rye translocation T1BL.1RS, gene Sr31 with resistance to black rust [Puccinia graminis], higher cold resistance and lower baking quality of the wheat. The prolamin proteins of triticale grain are suitable for the detection of the genetic diversity and for the assessment of varietal authenticity and purity in seed samples of triticale cultivars registered in the Czech Republic.
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In recent years, the utilization of molecular genetic methods is the best tool for the evaluation of individual genotypes. Modern molecular methods allow us to check the changes caused by the combination of parents, evaluate the r...
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In recent years, the utilization of molecular genetic methods is the best tool for the evaluation of individual genotypes. Modern molecular methods allow us to check the changes caused by the combination of parents, evaluate the relationships of individual genotypes or variability (diversity) within the population. Recently, we have developed an efficient marker system to control the authenticity of Czech hop {Humulus lupulus L.) cultivars, which we introduced into the system for the identification and control of hop cultivar purity. In our presented study, we evaluated molecular genetic variability within 109 world hop cultivars by hierarchical clustering techniques and principal coordinates analysis (PCoA). For molecular analyses, we used 269 amplified marker of SSR, STS and EST-SSR loci in total. Hop cultivars were divided into two major groups with North American or European origin and breeding influence by cluster analysis, as common knowledge from previous published results. PCoA more distinguished two breeding cultivar groups of 'Saaz' and 'Fuggle' hops in Europe. The usage of some cultivars during breeding history ('Brewers Gold', 'Northern brewer', 'Cascade', 'Columbus') was also noticeable.
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The qualitative and quantitative evaluation of agricultural products has often been carried out using traditional, i.e., destructive, techniques. Due to their inherent disadvantages, non-destructive methods that use near-infrared ...
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The qualitative and quantitative evaluation of agricultural products has often been carried out using traditional, i.e., destructive, techniques. Due to their inherent disadvantages, non-destructive methods that use near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) coupled with chemometrics could be useful for evaluating various agricultural products. Advancements in computational power, machine learning, regression models, artificial neural networks (ANN), and other predictive tools have made their way into NIRS, improving its potential to be a feasible alternative to destructive measurements. Moreover, the incorporation of suitable preprocessing techniques and wavelength selection methods has arguably proven its practical feasibility. This review focuses on the various computation methods used for processing the spectral data collected and discusses the potential applications of NIRS for evaluating the quality and safety of agricultural products. The challenges associated with this technology are also discussed, as well as potential future perspectives. We conclude that NIRS is a potentially useful tool for the rapid assessment of the quality and safety of agricultural products.
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Select cultivars of table olives have more desirable traits and a higher economic value. There are suspected issues with cultivar mislabeling and traceability in the supply chain. Here, we describe a method to identify cultivars b...
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Select cultivars of table olives have more desirable traits and a higher economic value. There are suspected issues with cultivar mislabeling and traceability in the supply chain. Here, we describe a method to identify cultivars by genotyping of processed olives. DNA was extracted from leaves and California-style olives of seven commonly packed cultivars. Processed olive fruits yielded relatively low DNA concentrations (0.04-0.86 mu g/g), and extracts had more impurities compared with leaves. From 15 candidate SSRs, five markers showing the highest number of unique allele combinations and discriminatory power were selected. These SSRs were successfully amplified and analyzed in all cultivars of olives except one. When directly comparing any two cultivars, different allele combinations were typically present for at least four of the five SSRs. Microsatellite analysis shows potential as a simple yet robust diagnostic tool. The method can be expanded to include other cultivars, styles of table olives, and potentially other processed plant-based foods.
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Spring orchid, Cymbidium goeringii, is one of the most important and popular species in the orchid family in Northeast Asia. The purpose of this study was to determine how closely the simple sequence repeat (SSR) genotypes match b...
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Spring orchid, Cymbidium goeringii, is one of the most important and popular species in the orchid family in Northeast Asia. The purpose of this study was to determine how closely the simple sequence repeat (SSR) genotypes match between individual plants assumed to be the same cultivar in C. goeringii. For this study, we collected 1566 samples from 17 C. goeringii cultivars of the flower-variant types and determined the frequencies and distribution of the combined genotypes of 13 SSR loci by the multiplex PCR method. The phylogenetic distance matrix and the principal coordinate analysis revealed that the correlation between horticultural phenotypes and genetic distance was loosely matched, but two cultivars of Japanese origin were clearly separated from the Korean cultivars. The results showed that the ratio of the most frequent combined genotypes in 10 cultivar groups is approximately 60%, which suggests that almost 40% of C. goeringii sold may not be genuine. This is the first forensic attempt to authenticate whether each plant is genetically genuine for the corresponding cultivars in spring orchid. We suggest preparation of a guideline for DNA deposit and profiling of the SSR genotypes for the newly registered C. goeringii cultivars and believe that this study will be helpful for establishing a molecular genetic method for forensic authentication of these cultivars.
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? 2023 Elsevier LtdIsotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS) combined with multivariate analysis was employed to develop a new quality control tool for Chinese Ganoderma lucidum. The effect of growth stage, substrate, cultivar type a...
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? 2023 Elsevier LtdIsotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS) combined with multivariate analysis was employed to develop a new quality control tool for Chinese Ganoderma lucidum. The effect of growth stage, substrate, cultivar type and geographical origin on the elemental and isotopic compositions was investigated. Stable isotopes (δ13C, δ15N, and δ18O) and elemental contents (%C, %N) showed significant variations at different growth stages. Growth substrate did not impart significant variations on δ13C or δ18O values; however, δ15N values of G. lucidum were strongly associated with the substrate. In addition, large isotopic variations were observed among different G. lucidum cultivars. A strong positive correlation was observed between major active compounds and elemental contents. Finally, classification models based on LDA and PLS-DA were constructed to discriminate the geographical origin of G. lucidum. Both models achieved very high classification rates in both the training and test set (up to 100% accuracy). In conclusion, elemental and isotopic fingerprints along with multivariate statistical analysis showed strong potential in characterizing G. lucidum according to variety, production region and cultivation method. These preliminary results will provide valuable insights in controlling the fraudulent labeling of Ganoderma lucidum and provide authentication tools for regulatory authorities to authenticate origin claims.
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F-1, hybrid plants are raised following crossing between cultivar I (male parent; tall, branched, light yellow flower, oblong conical fruit, round seeds) and cultivar II (female parent; dwarf, unbranched, yellow flower, ovoid spin...
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F-1, hybrid plants are raised following crossing between cultivar I (male parent; tall, branched, light yellow flower, oblong conical fruit, round seeds) and cultivar II (female parent; dwarf, unbranched, yellow flower, ovoid spindle capsular fruit, reniform seeds) of Abelmoschus moschatus (L.) Medik (Family: Malvaceae; common name musk mallow; yielding ambrette oil of commerce). Reciprocal crossings yield only small-sized fruits with dusty and abortive seeds. The F, hybrid plants resemble the female parent for qualitative traits except the calyx color, while the quantitative traits mostly are either lower or intermediate to the parent. The hybrid shows 42.86% normal pairing of chromosomes (2n=72; 36 II formation) at metaphase I, which is rather less than either of the parents (82.86% and 86.11%). However, pollen fertility and viability (lugol's iodine and aniline blue) are comparable in the plant types. Molecular analyses following the use of RAPD (random amplification of polymorphic DNA) markers reveal distinctiveness between parents as well as authenticate trueness of the raised hybrid line. Based on different genetic efficiency parameters, the RAPD markers, namely, OPA 01, OPA 02, OPA 10, OPB 02, OPB 04, OPB 05, OPB 08, OPC 03 and OPC 10 are found to be efficient and effective and may be utilized for molecular screening of A. moschatus germplasms including hybrid(s).
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Juices were produced from 11 apple cultivars from three regions of Ontario before and after storage in 2 years and analyzed for acids. The concentration ranges (mg/L) for fresh and stored apples, respectively, were as follows: mal...
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Juices were produced from 11 apple cultivars from three regions of Ontario before and after storage in 2 years and analyzed for acids. The concentration ranges (mg/L) for fresh and stored apples, respectively, were as follows: malic, 4780-15 730 and 2470-13 390; citric, 263-538 and 321-714; quinic, 10-754 and 10-693; lactic, 10-203 and 17-219; succinic, 2-28 and 1-51; shikimic, 1-25 and 1-26; chlorogenic, 74-85 and 10-80; total, 5770-16 880, and 3330-14 760; titratable acidity, 2700-11700 and 1500-9300; pH, 3.22-3.90 and 3.29-4.41; malic:citric, 16.0-39.6 and 7.0-26.8; sugar:acid, 10.0-37.7 and 12.3-66.0. Cultivar affected all except succinic and chlorogenic acids. Region and season had only minor influence. Malic, quinic, total, and titratable acids and H+ decreased, while citric, lactic, and shikimic acids increased upon storage. Most commercial juices had acid compositions similar to those of the authentic ones, except fumaric acid was present and quinic, shikimic, and succinic acids were frequently absent.
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The potential of multi-elemental fingerprinting based on inductively coupled plasma optical emission measurements (ICP OES) was examined to classify pistachio cultivars. Five pistachio cultivar samples were collected during the ha...
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The potential of multi-elemental fingerprinting based on inductively coupled plasma optical emission measurements (ICP OES) was examined to classify pistachio cultivars. Five pistachio cultivar samples were collected during the harvesting period 2017-2018 from Kerman in Iran. The ability of multivariate data analysis approaches, such as principal component analysis (PCA) and principal component analysis-linear discriminant analysis (PCA-LDA) have been investigated in order to achieve discrimination of different cultivars. Eighteen variables i.e. the contents of Al, B, Ba, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Li, Mg, Mn, Na, Ni, Pb, Sr and Zn at mg g(-1) level, determined by ICP OES were used. The results showed that the five pistachio cultivars can be identified based on the multi-elemental fingerprints. The loading plot of PCA illustrated that Pb, Cr, Co, Cd, and Ba have the lowest contributions in discrimination of the different pistachio cultivars. Almost all samples were correctly classified by the PCA-LDA model using cross validation (99.0%). The mean sensitivity and specificity were 98.0% and 99.6%, respectively, indicating the satisfactory performance of the model. The results demonstrate multi-elemental fingerprinting combined with multivariate data analysis methods can be employed as an effective and feasible method for classification of Iranian pistachio based on their cultivars.
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