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Phosphate fertilization increases garlic yield, but high doses of phosphorus (P) may cause zinc deficiency (Zn) in plants, mainly when the soil presents low contents of this micronutrient. This paper aimed to verify the effect of ...
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Phosphate fertilization increases garlic yield, but high doses of phosphorus (P) may cause zinc deficiency (Zn) in plants, mainly when the soil presents low contents of this micronutrient. This paper aimed to verify the effect of P and Zn interaction in the soil on the development and yield of garlic bulbs ("Roxo Perola de Cacador" cultivar). Three experiments were carried out under screened greenhouse conditions, using three soils of different texture and 17 kg pots. They had a randomized factorial block design, 4 doses of P (0, 100, 200 and 400 mg dm(-3)), 4 doses of Zn (0, 2,5, 5,0 and 10 mg dm(-3)), both applied as ZnSO4 center dot 7H(2)O, and three replications. Garlic bulb development and yield were influenced by doses of P and Zn; there was no interaction between these nutrients. For sand, loamy and clayey soils, the best doses of P were 190, 400 and 400 mg dm(-3) whereas for Zn, they were 2.2, 6.5 and 5.1 mg dm(-3), respectively.
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To estimate onion vield in the sorghum-onion double-cropping system (DしS) and sweet potato-onion-sorghum-onion crop rotation system (CRS) in comparison with the onion mono-cropping system (MCS)，four sets of three-year field expe...
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To estimate onion vield in the sorghum-onion double-cropping system (DしS) and sweet potato-onion-sorghum-onion crop rotation system (CRS) in comparison with the onion mono-cropping system (MCS)，four sets of three-year field experiments (two sets ofDCb plus two sets of CRS) were conducted in the southern Kyushu region of Japan. This study demonstrates that in all four sets of field experiments, the onion bulb yields in the first onion cultivation were approximately 20% higher in DCS and CRS than those in MCS; however, when we continued the DCS and CRS to the second and third onion cultivations, the effect of bulb yield enhancement by DCS and CRS over MSC disappeared. The reason the yield-enhancing effect disappeared in the second and third onion cultivations was not clear; hence, further experiments are required with serial measurements of mycorrhizal infection rates and soil nutritional conditions to clarify the effect of DCS and CRS on onion growth and yield in the southern Kyushu region.
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Tulip (Tulipa L.) is one of the most important ornamental geophytes in the world. Analysis of molecular variability of tulips is of great importance in conservation and parental lines selection in breeding programs. Of the 70 geni...
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Tulip (Tulipa L.) is one of the most important ornamental geophytes in the world. Analysis of molecular variability of tulips is of great importance in conservation and parental lines selection in breeding programs. Of the 70 genic microsatellites, 15 highly polymorphic and reproducible markers were used to assess the genetic diversity, structure, and relationships among 280 individuals of 36 wild and cultivated tulip accessions from two countries: Iran and the Netherlands. The mean values of gene diversity and polymorphism information content were 0.69 and 0.66, respectively, which indicated the high discriminatory power of markers. The calculated genetic diversity parameters were found to be the highest in wild T. systola Stapf (Derak region). Bayesian model-based STRUCTURE analysis detected five gene pools for 36 germplasms which corresponded with morphological observations and traditional classifications. Based on analysis of molecular variance, to conserve wild genetic resources in some geographical locations, sampling should be performed from distant locations to achieve high diversity. The unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean dendrogram and principal component analysis plot indicated that among wild tulips, T. systola and T. micheliana Hoog exhibited the closest relationships with cultivated tulips. Thus, it can be assumed that wild tulips from Iran and perhaps other Middle East countries played a role in the origin of T. gesneriana, which is likely a tulip species hybrid of unclear origin. In conclusion, due to the high genetic variability of wild tulips, they can be used in tulip breeding programs as a source of useful alleles related to resistance against stresses.
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Onion (Allium.cepa L.) and garlic (Allium.sativum) are highly valued vegetable crops for their use in culinary purposes as well as traditional and modern medicine. Both of these crops are grown abundantly across the latitudes and ...
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Onion (Allium.cepa L.) and garlic (Allium.sativum) are highly valued vegetable crops for their use in culinary purposes as well as traditional and modern medicine. Both of these crops are grown abundantly across the latitudes and longitudes of the world leading to a surplus produce, however, because of unruly post-harvest practices, there is an equally abundant loss of the produce, therefore, it is imperative to define the methods that can help in reducing the losses. Curing is one the most important and unavoidable post-harvest practice that tends to be a deciding factor for a safe longevity of the produce by removing excess moisture resulting in dried neck and appealing tunic color of bulb crops. Reportedly, if bulb crops are cured for 10 days at temperatures above 35 degrees C, there is a significant increase up to 65% in marketable crops, while there is a reduction in moisture and number of sprouted bulbs by 35% and 24%, respectively and considerable decrease in overall loss. Traditionally, curing is practiced in fields by employing economically effective method of windrow system however, due to erratic climatic conditions, improper curing leads to decline in the storage life of the crops. So, In order to have a proper and complete curing, various artificial methods have been developed, that are safe, quick and accurate. This review focuses mainly on the traditional as well as the modern practices of curing and its effects on physical, chemical, and biochemical quality of the produce.
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Growth response in trees receiving SM were observed in all production years. After 6 years, cumulative yields were highest from trees receiving any of the three SM or glyphosate treatments and significantly less for any of the gro...
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Growth response in trees receiving SM were observed in all production years. After 6 years, cumulative yields were highest from trees receiving any of the three SM or glyphosate treatments and significantly less for any of the ground cover treatments. Weed growth within the rye cover crop was significantly reduced in comparison with the other living mulches; however, it remained sufficiently competitive to contribute to diminished overall yield and tree growth in comparison with the SM and gylphosate control treatments. Overall, response of leaf K concentration to mulch treatments was insufficient to prevent low K levels after 5 years. The addition of K through the organic mulches or recycling of K by cover crops was insufficient to avoid the development of low leaf K levels. Annual fertigation of K, in addition to N and P, appears necessary to maintain adequate vigor and yield when using mulches or cover crops in intensive, drip-irrigated apple orchards grown on coarse soils.
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A field experiment was conducted on a sandy loam soil during kharif (onion) and rabi (radish) seasons of 2007-08 with a view to study the effect of integrated use of vermicompost (0, 5 and 10 t/ha) and nitrogen fertilizers (0, 60,...
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A field experiment was conducted on a sandy loam soil during kharif (onion) and rabi (radish) seasons of 2007-08 with a view to study the effect of integrated use of vermicompost (0, 5 and 10 t/ha) and nitrogen fertilizers (0, 60, 90 and 120 kg N/ha) on soil nutrient status and yield of onion-radish cropping system. Among the different combinations, application of 10 t vermicompost/ha+120 kg N/ha (V2N3) recorded significantly highest fresh bulb yields (24.45 t/ha) at harvest. However, the bulb yield at V2N3 was on par with the yield obtained at V2N2 (23.43 t/ ha). The radish crop grown during rabi responded favourably to the residual and cumulative treatments and the highest root yield of 23.43 t/ha was recorded in cumulative treatments at V2N3 level. The addition of vermicompost @ 10 t/ha alongwith nitrogen @ 120 kg/ha has recorded the highest available N (228.9 kg/ha), P2O5(48.39 kg/ha) and K2O (322.9 kg/ha) in soil after harvest of onion. The available N (243.7 kg/ha), P2O5 (52.80 kg/ha) and K2O (288.7 kg/ha) contents in soil at the end of onion-radish cropping system showed significantly highest values at V2N3 level under cumulative treatments. Application of 10 t vermicompost/ha alongwith 120 kg N/ha (V2N3) to preceeding onion crop and 75% recommended dose of NPK fertilizers to succeeding radish crop showed highest total nitrogen content in soil at the end of onion-radish cropping sequence. However, application of different levels of nitrogen and vermicompost did not show any significant effect on total P and K contents in soil.
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Чеснок (Allium sativum L.) - вегетативно размножаемое растение, требовательное к плодородию почвы и уровню pH 6-7. При снижении значения ...
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Чеснок (Allium sativum L.) - вегетативно размножаемое растение, требовательное к плодородию почвы и уровню pH 6-7. При снижении значения pH ниже 5,5 урожайность основных с.-х. культур, в том числе чеснока, снижается более чем на 30%, так как при такой кислотности в почвенном растворе усиливается растворение малорастворимых солей, при этом объем доступных форм железа, марганца, кобальта, меди, алюминия возрастает. По данным агрохимических обследований пашни в РФ доля кислых почв (pH <5,5) составила 33% и, по прогнозам, будет увеличиваться. Получение стрессоустойчивых форм растений возможно при активном применении биотехнологических методов, в том числе клеточной селекции. Цель работы - оценить растения-регенеранты чеснока озимого, полученные из каллуса на кислой питательной среде, и их клонов на фоне с повышенной кислотностью почвы в малообъемной культуре. Исследования проведены в 2020-2022 годах на селекционном участке ВНИИО — филиала ФГБНУ ФНЦО. Растения чеснока выращивали в почвогрунте с кислотностью 4,5; 5,0, 5,5 и 6,0, в пластиковых ящиках размером 60x40x23 см, с объемом грунта на одно растение 1,5 л в условиях открытого грунта. В открытом грунте изучено 87 однозубковых луковиц сорта Гладиатор и 38 однозубковых луковиц сорта Император, полученных при выращивании растений-регенерантов чеснока на почве с повышенной кислотностью. В результате исследований отобраны луковицы чеснока, полученные на малом объеме с повышенной кислотностью почвы, для дальнейшей работы по созданию форм с повышенной устойчивостью к кислотности почвы.
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Transgenic plants of Gladiolus were produced following particle bombardment of cormel slices. Plant cells were cotransformed with the gene for phosphinothricin acetyltransferase under control of the cauliflower mosaic virus 35S pr...
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Transgenic plants of Gladiolus were produced following particle bombardment of cormel slices. Plant cells were cotransformed with the gene for phosphinothricin acetyltransferase under control of the cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter and the uidA gene coding for beta-glucuronidase (GUS) under control of the actin promoter isolated from rice. The optimum concentration for the first selection of transformed plants was 8 mg/l phosphinothricin which resulted in 14% of the bombarded cormel slices regenerating plants that were transformed as confirmed by polymerase chain reaction amplification. Polymerase chain reaction amplification, Southern hybridization and histochemical staining for GUS gene expression on plants after two selective screenings with phosphinothricin indicated that regenerated plants were transformed. Histochemical staining for GUS gene expression showed that the actin promoter resulted in GUS gene expression primarily in callus cells and root meristems. Leaves were typically chimeric for GUS gene expression. [References: 24]
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The growth and mineral content of garlic (Allium sativum L.) grown in different types of soil on Jeju Island, including black volcanic ash soil (BS), very dark-brown volcanic ash soil (VDBS), and dark-brown non-volcanic ash soil (...
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The growth and mineral content of garlic (Allium sativum L.) grown in different types of soil on Jeju Island, including black volcanic ash soil (BS), very dark-brown volcanic ash soil (VDBS), and dark-brown non-volcanic ash soil (DBS), were investigated to evaluate soil-crop system management, which is required to increase crop quality and productivity. Examining the soil physicochemical properties, the organic matter and total nitrogen contents were higher, while the available P2O5 and Mg contents were lower, in the volcanic ash soils than in the non-volcanic ash soil. During the growing stage, plant height and pseudo stem diameter were greater in garlic grown in VDBS or DBS compared to BS. At harvest time, bulb diameter and length, the number of cloves per bulb, and clove weight were greater in VDBS or DBS than in BS. In addition, in BS, shoot growth, bulb development, and clove differentiation were abnormal. The total N, P, K, Ca, Fe, Mn, Zn, and Cu contents in the bulbs were also higher in garlic grown in DBS or VDBS compared to BS. Specifically, the K, Mn, Zn, and Cu contents increased significantly in garlic grown in DBS. These results suggest that soil physicochemical properties affected the growth and development of garlic, and that the cloves should be grown in VDBS or DBS to increase the productivity of high-quality garlic with large, mineral-rich bulbs.
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摘要 :
The growth and mineral content of garlic (Allium sativum L.) grown in different types of soil on Jeju Island, including black volcanic ash soil (BS), very dark-brown volcanic ash soil (VDBS), and dark-brown non-volcanic ash soil (...
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The growth and mineral content of garlic (Allium sativum L.) grown in different types of soil on Jeju Island, including black volcanic ash soil (BS), very dark-brown volcanic ash soil (VDBS), and dark-brown non-volcanic ash soil (DBS), were investigated to evaluate soil-crop system management, which is required to increase crop quality and productivity. Examining the soil physicochemical properties, the organic matter and total nitrogen contents were higher, while the available P2O5 and Mg contents were lower, in the volcanic ash soils than in the non-volcanic ash soil. During the growing stage, plant height and pseudo stem diameter were greater in garlic grown in VDBS or DBS compared to BS. At harvest time, bulb diameter and length, the number of cloves per bulb, and clove weight were greater in VDBS or DBS than in BS. In addition, in BS, shoot growth, bulb development, and clove differentiation were abnormal. The total N, P, K, Ca, Fe, Mn, Zn, and Cu contents in the bulbs were also higher in garlic grown in DBS or VDBS compared to BS. Specifically, the K, Mn, Zn, and Cu contents increased significantly in garlic grown in DBS. These results suggest that soil physicochemical properties affected the growth and development of garlic, and that the cloves should be grown in VDBS or DBS to increase the productivity of high-quality garlic with large, mineral-rich bulbs.
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