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In this study, we investigated the activity of pre-sulfated 1%Pt-2%Sn/γ-Al_2O_3 on the catalytic abatement of the combustion emissions of three fuels: pure diesel E(0), pure bioethanol E(100) and bioethanol blended diesel contain...
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In this study, we investigated the activity of pre-sulfated 1%Pt-2%Sn/γ-Al_2O_3 on the catalytic abatement of the combustion emissions of three fuels: pure diesel E(0), pure bioethanol E(100) and bioethanol blended diesel containing 10% bioethanol E(10). The emissions generated, by each blend combustion, were conducted continuously to the catalyst sample. The catalytic activity was determined by following the evolution of the outflow emissions concentrations by FTIR gas spectroscopy as a function of the catalyst temperature. Results showed that the addition of bioethanol to diesel may be necessary to enhance the catalytic oxidation of diesel unburned hydrocarbons and particulars matter on pre-sulfated 1%Pt-2%Sn/γ-Al_2O_3.
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Biokraftstoffe haben betrachtliche Vorteile für das Transportwesen, wie z.B. verringerten Abgasausstoss, erhohte Versorgungssicherheit und regionale Entwicklung. Sie spielen daher auch eine grosse Rolle in der Energiepolitik der ...
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Biokraftstoffe haben betrachtliche Vorteile für das Transportwesen, wie z.B. verringerten Abgasausstoss, erhohte Versorgungssicherheit und regionale Entwicklung. Sie spielen daher auch eine grosse Rolle in der Energiepolitik der Europaischen Union. Die Union hat sich das Ziel gesetzt, bis 2010 5,75 % ihres gesamten Kraftstoffverbrauchs aus erneuerbaren Quellen zu decken. Dieser Artikel gibt einen kurzen überblick über die Aktivitaten der Europaischen Union hinsichtlich Bioethanol auf den GebietenEnergiepolitik, Forschung und Normung. Die Richtlinien 2003/96/EC und 2003/30/EC, die die Verwendung von Biokraftstoffen unterstützen, werden erlautert, die laufenden europaischen Forschungs- und Entwicklungsvorhaben über Bioethanol werden zusammenfassend dargestellt und es wird der Vorschlag der Kommission für das siebte Rahmenprogramm vorgestellt. Der europaische Markt für Bioethanol und laufende Normungsverfahren für Biokraftstoffe werden kurz erlautert.
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Continuous catalytic condensation of crude distillates or rectified bioethanol into butanol and other fuel bicomponents was performed over 8-20%Ni/Al2O3 catalysts. Experiments were conducted using solid catalysts in a flow reactor...
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Continuous catalytic condensation of crude distillates or rectified bioethanol into butanol and other fuel bicomponents was performed over 8-20%Ni/Al2O3 catalysts. Experiments were conducted using solid catalysts in a flow reactor under supercritical conditions. The most promising nickel catalyst yielded almost 13% butanol after a single passage of the raw spirit or rectified ethanol at 330 degrees C, 120 atm. The butanol content in the liquid products was further increased to 31.4% (v/v) by the additional step of rectification and recycling of the low-boiling fraction through a catalytic reactor. The use of a two-zone reactor filled with different catalytic systems (I. 8%Ni/Al2O3; II. 5%Pd-8%Fe/Al2O3) allowed the system to operate under milder pressure (80 atm) and temperature (290 degrees C) conditions, while maintaining approximately 13% (v/v) of the butanol content in the reaction mixture. The results of the studies suggest the possibility of using continuous-flow technologies for the industrial-scale catalytic condensation of bioethanol into butanol and higher homologues, which are valuable fuel biocomponents. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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Oxygenated diesel fuel blends have a potential to reduce the emission of participate matter (PM) and to be an alternative to diesel fuel. This paper shows that pre-sulfated 1%Pt/γ-Al_2O_3 and pre-sulfated 1%Pt-2%Sn/γ-Al_2O_3 are...
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Oxygenated diesel fuel blends have a potential to reduce the emission of participate matter (PM) and to be an alternative to diesel fuel. This paper shows that pre-sulfated 1%Pt/γ-Al_2O_3 and pre-sulfated 1%Pt-2%Sn/γ-Al_2O_3 are very active at PM emissions abatement when, bioethanol or diesel/bioethanol are used as fuels. Results obtained showed that the addition of bioethanol to the diesel fuel may be necessary to decrease diesel PM generation during combustion and to enhance the rate of the oxidation of this diesel PM on pre-sulfated 1%Pt/γ-Al_2O_3 and pre-sulfated 1%Pt-2%Sn/γ-Al_2O_3.
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Over recent years, there has been an enormous increase in the number of biogas plants. In parallel, the size of new biogas plants has increased and renewable organic material is predominantly used as feedstock for biogas productio...
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Over recent years, there has been an enormous increase in the number of biogas plants. In parallel, the size of new biogas plants has increased and renewable organic material is predominantly used as feedstock for biogas production. The substantial rise in market prizes of agricultural products makes it quite impossible to operate such a biogas plant economically. The economic situation of a biogas plant can be improved considerably by utilization of the waste heat from the cogenerator. For most biogas plants, which are located in rural areas, it is impossible to feed into a district heating grid. For production of bioethanol, thermal energy is required for fermentation and distillation. Additionally, the stillage can be utilized in the biogas process as feedstock, whereas in industrial bioethanol plants the stillage usually has to be dried, consuming extensive thermal energy. Integrated biogas and bioethanol production is discussed for a 500 kW_(el) biogas plant and the economics of this process are investigated.
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Bioethanol und Biodiesel sind zurzeit die einzigen verfügbaren und praktisch erprobten biogenen Kraftstoffe für den Verkehrssektor. Die Produktion von Bioethanol in Europa entlastet Agrar-markte und starkt die WTO-Position der E...
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Bioethanol und Biodiesel sind zurzeit die einzigen verfügbaren und praktisch erprobten biogenen Kraftstoffe für den Verkehrssektor. Die Produktion von Bioethanol in Europa entlastet Agrar-markte und starkt die WTO-Position der EU. Die heimische Produktion von Bioethanol sichert Beschaftigung in der Landwirtschaft und im landlichen Raum. Die Erzeugung und Verwendung von Bioethanol im Verkehrssektor sind vorteilhaft für die Umwelt. Die Dampfdruckanomalien bei Mischungen von Bioethanol und Benzin sind in den Verordnungen so zu berücksichtigen, dass Bioethanol eine tatsachliche Chance im Markt als Biokraftstoff erhalt. Unter diesen Voraussetzungen geht Südzucker davon aus, dass mit den vorgestellten Massnahmen durch Zusammenwirken von Agrar-, Automobil- und Mineralolindustrie die umweltpolitischen Ziele der EU-Kyoto-Verpflichtungen zeitnah und kostengünstig erreicht werden konnen.
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While the impact of the reform of the European Union's sugar regime will contract sugar production, there is the alternative potential of beet being used for ethanol and bioenergy production. The potential of producing ethanol thr...
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While the impact of the reform of the European Union's sugar regime will contract sugar production, there is the alternative potential of beet being used for ethanol and bioenergy production. The potential of producing ethanol through the modificationof existing beet sugar factories is discussed.
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The market potential for production of bioethanol from cereal crops seems to increase dramatically over the next few years. The promised market shares for ethanol production from cereal crops are incredibly high and seem to stabil...
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The market potential for production of bioethanol from cereal crops seems to increase dramatically over the next few years. The promised market shares for ethanol production from cereal crops are incredibly high and seem to stabilize the cereal market. Plant breeders recognized this trend very early. Breeding companies had to decide to start breeding programs for varieties which are better adapted to the demands of ethanol production.
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The agricultural sector is a major source of biomass feedstocks for biofuels. Even though biomass potential in Thailand has been analyzed on a national level, its distribution and potential have yet to be assessed on a regional an...
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The agricultural sector is a major source of biomass feedstocks for biofuels. Even though biomass potential in Thailand has been analyzed on a national level, its distribution and potential have yet to be assessed on a regional and provincial scale. Therefore, the study aims to verify the possibility of decentralized second-generation bioethanol production from regionally available agricultural residues. Most of the generated residues stem from the country's major crops (sugarcane, cassava, rice and palm), totaling 174.1 million tons per year. The volume of bioethanol from these residues is projected to be 20,213.5 million liters per year, meeting 31.2% of the overall fuel demand of the transport sector. At the regional level, the northeast produces the highest amount of bioethanol at 9099.7 million liters per year, followed by the central, northern and southern regions. In terms of provincial distribution, the highest amount of bioethanol is converted in Nakhon Ratchasima, amounting to 1328 million liters per year. Data from the top ten potential provinces suggest that decentralizing production facilities is possible. One of the hotspots is Surat Thani in the south which can potentially utilize palm residues as feedstocks. This regionalized assessment also found that conventional feedstocks could be substituted with regionally available residues in the 26 production plants currently in operation. The results confirm that there would be enough alternative regional feedstocks to meet existing production capacities and they indicate that there would be enough regional residues left over for future value-added utilization. GRAPHICS
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This study aims to present a comprehensive decision model for design of the integrated bioethanol supply chain (IBSC). In achieving this goal, we developed a new optimization model using mixed integer linear programming. The model...
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This study aims to present a comprehensive decision model for design of the integrated bioethanol supply chain (IBSC). In achieving this goal, we developed a new optimization model using mixed integer linear programming. The model consists of the objective function to minimize the required cost to establish the IBSC along with practical constraints including the limit of biomass, the capacity of technologies, and the land availability. This model is capable of identifying a wide range of solutions for the economically viable IBSC: biomass as a feedstock, technical configuration of the biorefinery, and supply chain solutions. We then analyze the impact of the policies to the bioethanol production and supply strategies by implementing the different scenarios of the bioethanol-gasoline blending policy. To illustrate the capability of the proposed model, we applied the model to the biomass-derived liquid fuel supply system of Jeju Island, Korea. As a result, the total supply cost was estimated to range from 0.83 to 0.88 $/liter according the blending policies. We also analyzed the preferable options to build the IBSC of Jeju Island: woody biomass to agricultural residues, gasification to fermentation as the main conversion technology, and regions with high biomass availability to high-demand regions. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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