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In [10, 11, 12] a new graph topology #tau# was introduced which is useful in applications to differential equations. In this paper we study topological properties of #tau# and relations between #tau# and other known topologies. Fo...
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In [10, 11, 12] a new graph topology #tau# was introduced which is useful in applications to differential equations. In this paper we study topological properties of #tau# and relations between #tau# and other known topologies. For example, we find conditions under which #tau# coincides with Back's generalized compact-open topology successfully used for convergence of utility functions [2] and for convergence of dynamic programming models [19].
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The ionic diffusion rate and the electrochemically accessible surface area of the cathode, consisting of electrolytic manganese dioxide (EMD), were studied by means of ac impedance techniques. A simplified transmission line model ...
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The ionic diffusion rate and the electrochemically accessible surface area of the cathode, consisting of electrolytic manganese dioxide (EMD), were studied by means of ac impedance techniques. A simplified transmission line model was applied in the numerical fitting. The relationship between the pore size distribution and the ionic diffusion rate was investigated, as well as the pore size distribution and the cathode 'spring-back'. EMD with a considerable volume of large pores was found to be beneficial not only for the high-rate discharge, but also for the cathode process during cell manufacture.
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The problem of the existence of jointly continuous utility functions is studied. A continuous representation theorem of Back [1] gives the existence of a continuous map from the space of total preorders topologized by closed conve...
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The problem of the existence of jointly continuous utility functions is studied. A continuous representation theorem of Back [1] gives the existence of a continuous map from the space of total preorders topologized by closed convergence (Fell topology) to the space of utility functions with different choice sets (partial maps) endowed with a generalization of the compact-open topology. The commodity space is locally compact and second countable. Our results generalize Back's Theorem to non-metrizable commodity spaces with a family of not necessarily total preorders. Precisely, we consider regular commodity spaces having a weaker locally compact second countable topology.
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Degeneration of the distal axon and neuromuscular junction (NMJ) is considered a key and early feature of the pathology that accompanies motor neuron loss in people with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). The mutant SOD1(G93A) m...
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Degeneration of the distal axon and neuromuscular junction (NMJ) is considered a key and early feature of the pathology that accompanies motor neuron loss in people with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). The mutant SOD1(G93A) mouse replicates many features of the disease, however the sequence of events resulting in degeneration of the neuromuscular circuitry remains unknown. Furthermore, despite widespread degenerative neuronal pathology throughout the spinal cord in this model, hindlimb motor function is lost before forelimb function. We investigated axons and NMJs in the hindlimb (gastrocnemius) and forelimb (extensor) muscles in the high copy number mutant SOD1(G93A)xYFP (yellow fluorescent protein) mouse. We found that distal axonal and NMJ alterations were present prior to previously reported functional symptom onset in this strain. Indeed, increased branch complexity as well as colocalisation between pre- and post-synaptic markers indicated widespread early axonal and NMJ alterations in the hindlimb. Immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated that the colocalisation of the scaffolding proteins nestin, LRP-4, dystrophin and rapsyn were diminished before post-synaptic receptors in the gastrocnemius, and the degree of loss differed between proteins. Analysis of the forelimb muscle revealed axonal and NMJ degeneration at a late, post symptomatic stage, as well as novel differences in NMJ morphology, with reduced complexity. Furthermore, post-synaptic scaffolding proteins were preserved in the forelimb compared with the hindlimb. Analysis of protein levels indicated an increase in LRP-4, dystrophin and rapsyn in post symptomatic skeletal muscle that may suggest ongoing attempts at repair. This study indicates that axonal and NMJ degeneration in the SOD1 model of ALS is a complex and evolving sequence of events. We provide evidence that YFP can detect morphological and plastic alterations in the SOD1(G93A) mouse, and that the pre- and post-synaptic integrity of the NMJ plays an important role in the pathogenic mechanisms of ALS. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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Submetrizable k(omega)-spaces seem to be interesting in the study of finite dimensional State Preference Models and in ordering of distributions of wellbeing. In these applications the existence of utilities representing families ...
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Submetrizable k(omega)-spaces seem to be interesting in the study of finite dimensional State Preference Models and in ordering of distributions of wellbeing. In these applications the existence of utilities representing families of preorders is important. In the present paper we are interested in the problem of the jointly continuous utility representations for submetrizable k(omega)-spaces. We found a right and natural generalization of Back's Theorem. We improve the results in the paper A. Caterino and R. Ceppitelli (2015) [8]. (C) 2019 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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The large-scale loss of Amazonian rainforest under some future climate scenarios has generally been considered to be driven by increased drying over Amazonia predicted by some general circulation models (GCMs). However, the import...
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The large-scale loss of Amazonian rainforest under some future climate scenarios has generally been considered to be driven by increased drying over Amazonia predicted by some general circulation models (GCMs). However, the importance of rainfall relative to other drivers has never been formally examined. Here, we conducted factorial simulations to ascertain the contributions of four environmental drivers (precipitation, temperature, humidity and CO) to simulated changes in Amazonian vegetation carbon (Cveg), in three dynamic global vegetation models (DGVMs) forced with climate data based on HadCM3 for four SRES scenarios. Increased temperature was found to be more important than precipitation reduction in causing losses of Amazonian Cveg in two DGVMs (Hyland and TRIFFID), and as important as precipitation reduction in a third DGVM (LPJ). Increases in plant respiration, direct declines in photosynthesis and increases in vapour pressure deficit (VPD) all contributed to reduce Cveg under high temperature, but the contribution of each mechanism varied greatly across models. Rising CO mitigated much of the climate-driven biomass losses in the models. Additional work is required to constrain model behaviour with experimental data under conditions of high temperature and drought. Current models may be overly sensitive to long-term elevated temperatures as they do not account for physiological acclimation.
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