South Korea's export-oriented manufacturing and urbanised consumer sector give it a highly energy-intensive economy, but a lack of natural resources leaves the country dependent on imports to meet 82% of its energy demand. Stable geopolitical environment and ties with major oil, gas and coal exporters are essential to South Korea's energy security. This reliance will persist during EIU's forecast period (2023-32). Deepening ties with the Middle East will strengthen South Korea's energy security while creating external markets for the country's nuclear and renewables-based capabilities.