摘要 : ONE-TENTH OF HUMANKIND STILL DOES NOT HAVE ACCESS TO electricity. More than 80% of this population inhabits countries in Africa, a continent that is half unelectrified [1]. Not surprisingly, countries with low electrification rate... 展开 ONE-TENTH OF HUMANKIND STILL DOES NOT HAVE ACCESS TO electricity. More than 80% of this population inhabits countries in Africa, a continent that is half unelectrified [1]. Not surprisingly, countries with low electrification rates are those in which the majority of people live on less than $2 per day (USD). Currently, the households in these areas predominantly rely on either flame-based (e.g., kerosene, candles) or battery-based (e.g., flashlights) solutions for their lighting needs, mainly because these solutions are easily accessible in local retail stores. However, the cost of these items is expensive for consumers in the long run, and they pose a threat to health and the environment because of the harmful smoke they generate or the improper disposal of replaced batt eries. 收起