摘要 : Aim Anthropogenic changes in land use may have major consequences for global biodiversity. However, species diversity is determined by a suite of factors that may affect species differently at different spatial scales. We tested t... 展开 Aim Anthropogenic changes in land use may have major consequences for global biodiversity. However, species diversity is determined by a suite of factors that may affect species differently at different spatial scales. We tested the combined effects of land use and spatial scale on alpha, beta and gamma diversity in the tropics using experimental communities of cavity-nesting bees and waSPS (Hymenoptera: Aculeata). We aimed to determine whether: (1) land-use intensity negatively affects species richness of cavity-nesting Hymenoptera, (2) beta diversity, both within and between plots, is higher in more natural systems, (3) species richness of flowering herbs correlates positively with species richness of Hymenoptera within and across habitats, (4) richness of cavity-nesting Hymenoptera in highly modified habitats declines with increasing distance from natural or semi-natural habitats, (5) the effects of land use, herb diversity and forest distance on Hymenoptera alpha and beta diversity vary at different spatial scales, and (6) bees and waSPS respond to land use in a similar way. 收起