摘要 : Volatile degradation products of zinc dialkyl dithio phosphate (ZDDP) composed of phosphorus and sulfur compounds reduce the efficiency of catalytic converters resulting in harmful emissions. A unique way of reducing ZDDP level wh... 展开 Volatile degradation products of zinc dialkyl dithio phosphate (ZDDP) composed of phosphorus and sulfur compounds reduce the efficiency of catalytic converters resulting in harmful emissions. A unique way of reducing ZDDP level while maintaining good antiwear performance has been achieved by reacting a novel additive FeF{sub}3 with ZDDP. The objective of this research is to examine the chemical interactions between ZDDP and FeF{sub}3 that yield the new chemical species responsible for the improved wear performance. The approach adopted involves studies of thermal degradation products of ZDDP that are formed in presence and absence of FeF{sub}3. These intermediate products are responsible for the formation of protective tribofilms on the surface. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (31{sup left} P and 19{sup left}F) has been principally used to identify these products. Results have indicated the formation of new fluorinated phosphorus compounds formed as 'early intermediate' products in the reaction between ZDDP and FeF{sub}3. The chemical differences observed were used to justify the improved tribological behavior of the new fluorinated ZDDP compounds in comparison to ZDDP. 收起