摘要 : <abstract type="main" xml:lang="en"> <section xml:id="ajp22572-sec-0001"> <p> <i>Oesophagostomum</i> sp. is a parasitic nematode that frequently infects wild chimpanzees. Although nodular les... 展开 <abstract type="main" xml:lang="en"> <section xml:id="ajp22572-sec-0001"> <p> <i>Oesophagostomum</i> sp. is a parasitic nematode that frequently infects wild chimpanzees. Although nodular lesions are commonly associated with infection, some wild chimpanzee populations seem to tolerate <i>Oesophagostomum</i> nodular lesions while those at Gombe and other sites suffer from associated morbidity and mortality. From August 2004 to December 2013, we examined demographic (i.e., age, sex) and individual correlates (i.e., fecal consistency, <i>Oesophagostomum</i> egg production) to <i>Oesophagostomum</i> ‐associated pathology in 14 individually recognized chimpanzees at Gombe Stream National Park, Tanzania. In addition, we characterized <i>Oesophagostomum</i> ‐associated pathology in 14 individual sympatric primates including baboons, colobus, and cercopithecid monkeys. In five chimpanzees, there was no evidence of any significant underlying disease aside from oesophagostomiasis to explain the thin condition or diarrhea. All five of these chimpanzees had moderate to numerous parasitic nodules. In general, nodules were more numerous in older chimpanzees. Three of four chimpanzees with the highest average <i>Oesophagostomum</i> egg counts in feces collected during the year prior to their death had numerous parasitic nodules at necropsy. In contrast, the four chimpanzees with the lowest egg counts had only moderate numbers of nodules. No association ( <i>P</i> ?=?0.74) was noted between frequency of diarrhea in the year prior to death and the number of nodules noted at necropsy. Nodules were also present in all baboons examined documenting pathology associated with <i>Oesophagostomum</i> infection in wild baboons. In contrast, no lesions were noted in colobus or cercopithecid monkeys, a 收起