摘要 : A survey was undertaken during August 1994 to assess productivity and operational costs of milch stock in 2 major milk producing areas (Dharsiwa and Arang) of Raipur (Madhya Pradesh, India). 40 respondents provided information rel... 展开 A survey was undertaken during August 1994 to assess productivity and operational costs of milch stock in 2 major milk producing areas (Dharsiwa and Arang) of Raipur (Madhya Pradesh, India). 40 respondents provided information relating to costs, returns, labour utilization and marketing of milk. Primary information relating to daily operational costs and returns is tabulated according to breed and shows net return over operation costs (in Rs) for 18 small, 10 medium and 10 large farms respectivelyas follows: local buffalo, 20.78, 20.33 and 23.23; Murrah buffalo, 44.69, 51.50 and 51.59; local breed cows, 1.45, 0.03 and 1.10; Jersey (crossbred) cows, 55.66, 61.88 and 62.76; and Sahiwal cows, 27.29, 30.08 and 37.40. A comparative analysis is also presented of operational costs and returns at 8 mixed enterprise (crop and milk) farms vs. 14 specialized dairy farms. The effect of market distance upon the price of milk and pattern of disposal, the patterns of labour utilization on different sizes of farm and type of enterprise, and constraints on milk production and marketing in rural areas, are analysed. The study showed that small farmers realized better employment opportunities and returns by adopting dairying as a specialized enterprise. 收起