摘要: The absence of suitable techniques and combination of techniques for the identification and assessment of risks and the lack of awareness and knowledge in risks are the challenges issued to effective risk management process implem... 展开 The absence of suitable techniques and combination of techniques for the identification and assessment of risks and the lack of awareness and knowledge in risks are the challenges issued to effective risk management process implementation.In developing countries,common issues are present such as cost excess,construction going beyond the expected finished time and work interruption.The application of effective risk management implementation is essential for the accomplishment and the favorable outcome of the project.In infrastructure projects in African countries,risk management is a well-known criterion but it does not have a normalized process to improve gradually during the project life cycle this risk management and the absence of uniformed procedure can be a result of the low quality of risk management.Past project conducted by the Infrastructure construction authorities in Senegal,draw that besides financial aspects difficulties the environmental and social risks impacts are the essential points in Senegalese projects where the costs excesses and delays are more frequent in past projects because of problems to mitigate those extensive project risk impact and which depict a lack of effectiveness in risk management practices where the consequences impact the project budget and time.The environmental risks are the risks that rise from the air,water,soil or biological areas that can cause dangerous harms to the people that are not implicated directly in a volunteer way.Their consequences are more serious and severe in poorest and developing counties.They need more attentions from the public entities due to their implications to the economic development of a country.The social risks are many sorts of risks that make vulnerable the communities,households and individuals that cannot be prevented and cause poverty.They are from different sources such as natural(earthquakes,etc)or made by man(environmental degradation).A good social risk management is important for increasing individual welfare,economic development and sustainable poverty reduction. The paper is concentrated on the identification and evaluation of the environmental and social risks of the tramway construction project to finally propose a risk management model to eliminate the negative risks impacts on the environment and the society.According to the Emerging Senegal Plan report(2014),the risks are linked to the construction of the infrastructure projects are unforeseen social expenses,inappropriate resource mobilization,lack of necessary resources to lead the reforms and projects and poor monitoring and evaluation during the project life cycle. In order to analyze the responses from the interviews from the project study and feasibility team of the tramway project within the CETUD,entity of the Ministry of Infrastructure,Land transport and Road development and propose solutions and recommendations for the implementation of effective risk management process and standards to reduce,mitigate and control these risk impacts of the tramway construction project on the environment and the society in order to achieve project objectives without delays and cost overruns,the research approach is the exploitation of the literature review for a covering of risk management processes and practices and the data collection will be done through a qualitative research. The data collection and results show the lack of knowledge on effective risk tools and techniques implementation on project risk identification due to past project experiences management,low monitoring and evaluation due to insufficient resources and inexistent project management development practices and department within the entity to deal effectively with the risks during all the project life cycle of the tramway construction project. 收起