摘要: Within the scope of mineral prospection and hygrogeological task,more than 300 drills and wells were carried out，from 1957 to 1983，within and around the current mine activity area．Mineral prospection undertaken through the grou... 展开 Within the scope of mineral prospection and hygrogeological task,more than 300 drills and wells were carried out，from 1957 to 1983，within and around the current mine activity area．Mineral prospection undertaken through the ground surface，from the onset to the end ofthe year 1957，by the Geophysical Team No403 of the Department of Geology from East-China led to the discovery of magnetic anomaly of the MaKeng Mine．Hydrogeological researches resulted in the surface and groundwater sampling in order to provide appropriate data for preventing groundwater inrushes．The collected water samples were analyzed for the main ions in order to determine the sources of water in the MaKeng Mine and to providethe background data． The iron ore exploitation began in 2004 without a detailed task of Environmental Impact Assessment(EIA)which provides the design goal that will be compared to the data from mining operation phase in order to identify any change caused by mining activity in MaKeng．Due to the safety relative to the iron ore exploitation from deeper zones(420 m，below the land surface)and water monitoring around the mille site，new Hygrogeological and hydrological researches were carried out，from October to November2006，in the following steps： (1)Identification of different rock types，rock distribution，faults into the underground tunnel in order to provide data for groundwater modeling program； (2)Measurement of the outflow from mine pit and the inflow from Surface River into the mine through faults in order to understand the relationship between Ximahe River and groundwater； (3)Sampling of surface and ground water，measurement of the temperature，the electrical conductivity，and the pH values of water in order to determine thesources of water； (4)Selection of water monitoring stations across the surface of Ximahe River flowing Over the iron deposit in order to know the variation of water flow from one station to another． Analysis and comparative study of the sampling results from the research undertaken in 2006 and the results of surface and groundwater analysis carried out in 1978 at the time of mining exploration phase，have shown a change in the background environmental conditions of the mine site．This change Was explainedby the appearance in surface and ground water of new elements(increased SO4，A1，Cu，Mn，Zn，Pb)known as indicators of Acid Mine Drainage "AMD"(Johnston,1997)and an increase of iron．This change led to another campaign of research (from March to April 2007)which focused on the surface and ground water monitoring and tailing surveys in order to determine the implication of tailing dams in thedetected environmental change，hence the thesis title：The Impact of Leachate from Tailing Dams on Surface And Ground Water And Soil：A Case Study of the MaKeng Underground Iron Mine，China. The research results revealed that the concentration of elements contained in the samples from downstream stations affected by tailing dams is slightly higher than those from reference points and upstream stations that were not affected by tailing．The pH and EC value from downstream areas were also slightly higher compared to those from upstream areas，while the pH drop(from about 7，3 to 6，3)were recorded around the mining activity area． The result of the research also reveals that there is an overwhelming statistical positive linear relationship between F2+and Cu2+．This relation is described by an increase on average by 339.23%(SO42- is constant) for each additional concentration in mg/L of Cu2+．While there is no enough evidence to infer that SO42- and F2+ are linearly related． 收起