摘要: The report describes techniques for forming concrete structures under water and their possible applications. Developments in materials and techniques, have allowed the successful placement of concrete in thinner and more complex s... 展开 The report describes techniques for forming concrete structures under water and their possible applications. Developments in materials and techniques, have allowed the successful placement of concrete in thinner and more complex structural sections, with or without reinforcement, than previously possible. The offshore engineering industry has adapted established procedures for underwriter grouting and concreting and, in certain areas, has made technical advances. The foundation engineering of fixed production platforms relies on underwater grouting. Grouted sleeves and clamps are used in underwater repair and strengthening of structural members, Grout filled flexible fabric bags are used to provide support and protection to subsea pipelines. Underwater concreting can be costly and demanding and should only be undertaken after careful consideration of the alternative forms of construction, of the performance requirements of the structure and of the particular conditions under which the structure is to be built. 收起