摘要: Pinon-Juniper (P-J) woodlands occupy a vast acreage in the West. As a result of an increase in tree densities, over a third of P-J type, which is in excess of 5 million acres, is considered to be in an unsatisfactory ecological co... 展开 Pinon-Juniper (P-J) woodlands occupy a vast acreage in the West. As a result of an increase in tree densities, over a third of P-J type, which is in excess of 5 million acres, is considered to be in an unsatisfactory ecological condition. Although considerable controversy exists over the causes of the problem and past control measures, it is readily apparent that immediate action is needed to restore woodlands that are in an unhealthy condition and protect healthy ecosystems that are threatened. Vegetation management actions are needed to prevent soil loss, avoid erosion, improve water availability and quality, reduce competition between wildlife and domestic livestock, maintain local life styles, and resolve related issues and concerns. 收起