摘要: An experiment investigation has been been carried out to determine the primary factors that have contributed to recent aircraft electrostatically induced ground refueling fire incidents. It was found that the explosion suppression... 展开 An experiment investigation has been been carried out to determine the primary factors that have contributed to recent aircraft electrostatically induced ground refueling fire incidents. It was found that the explosion suppression open pore polyurethane fuel tank foams along with the charging characteristics of the JP-4 fuel resulted in charge accumulation and electrostatic spark discharging. The polyurethane foams accumulated charge due to their highly resistive nature (blue, 10 to the 15th power ohm-cm; red, 10 to the 14th power ohm-cm; yellow, to to the 14th opwer ohm-cm; and orange, 10 to the 13th power ohm-cm). The fuel flow rate and velocity entering the tank and impinging on the open pore polyurethane foam directly affected te magnitude of the charge separation which was occurring. The number of refuelings that had taken place also was a critical factor due to its effect on charge accumulation/discharge frequency levels. The last major variable investigated was pro-static (Gulf-178) and conductivity improving (shell ASA-3) fuel additives. The Gulf-178 additive dramatically increased the levels of charge separation and accumulation taking place along with a reversal in the polarity of charge. The Shell ASA-3 fuel additive eliminated the aircraft ground refueling electrostatic discharge hazard decreasing the level of charge accumulation. 收起