摘要: Because of the interest in using head-up displays (HUDs) as primary flight references in instrument meteorological conditions (IMC), a survey of operational pilots flying HUD--equipped airplanes was undertaken. This survey reveale... 展开 Because of the interest in using head-up displays (HUDs) as primary flight references in instrument meteorological conditions (IMC), a survey of operational pilots flying HUD--equipped airplanes was undertaken. This survey revealed several problem areas that were common to most of the HUDs used. These common problem areas were: (1) the HUDs were too bright at night; (2) the field of view was too limited; and (3) the location of the design eye reference point does not correspond to the typical pilot practice of sitting as high as possible to maintain good visibility. Other problem areas were reported, including: (4) the response of the HUD symbols is not adequately controlled by existing specifications; (5) pilots have an increased tendency toward disorientation while flying by reference to the HUD; (6) the instrument landing system (ILS) displays in use are not satisfactory; and (7) the balance between presenting necessary information and presenting too much is not always achieved on today's HUDs. Concurrently with the review of operational problems, a review of HUD-related training was undertaken. This review shows that very little attention is being paid to initial and recurrent HUD training or to the development of HUD procedures for flight in IMC. (Author) 收起