摘要: Airpower provides support to ground forces by applying elements of operationalart. Air operational art formed between the beginning of World War I and the end of World War II. The Air Corps Tactical School developed and taught the... 展开 Airpower provides support to ground forces by applying elements of operationalart. Air operational art formed between the beginning of World War I and the end of World War II. The Air Corps Tactical School developed and taught the principles of attack and pursuit aviation for the support of ground forces. These principles include all the elements of operational fires and operational protection and are known today as interdiction and counterair. These doctrines were tested in exercises with the Army between 1931 and 1934 but not in combat until World War II. The doctrines were combat-tested soon after America's entry into North Africa. From November 1942 until May 1943 heavy, medium and fighter bombers successfully applied operational fires to Axis lines of communication and were accompanied by pursuit aircraft which provided operational protection. The interdiction of Axis supply and isolation of forces in Africa helped force the Axis retreat from Africa in May, 1943. Beginning in April, 1944, Allied bombers and fighters began attacking targets in northern France, particularly the rail network. These operational fires successfully isolated the Operation Overlord landing sites by destroying and delaying German supplies and reinforcements. Allied aircraft provided operational protection over the landing areas on D-Day, although there was little Luftwaffe resistance. The interdiction continued after the invasion, and was decisive in delaying reinforcements and in facilitating the breakout from the lodgement. The concepts of operational fires and operational protection by attack and pursuit aviation, which were developed prior to World War II, were used successfully during the war and provided a foundation for the doctrine which was used in Operation Desert Storm and will be used in future conflicts. 收起