摘要: As the use of photovoltaic (PV) systems increases in European distribution grids, it is important to evaluate their capacity to handle future energy scenarios. This study examines the potential of integrating PV systems into refer... 展开 As the use of photovoltaic (PV) systems increases in European distribution grids, it is important to evaluate their capacity to handle future energy scenarios. This study examines the potential of integrating PV systems into reference European distribution grids for 2030 and 2050. Optimal energy mix modelling is used to determine PV power penetration levels, and a stochastic approach is used to assess the hosting capacity of PV systems in three reference European distribution grids, considering scenarios with only PV system increases and with PV and energy storage system (ESS) installations. Results show that some countries that rely solely on PV system installations will reach the upper limits of PV power penetration by 2030, but implementing ESS or other smart techniques can exceed these limits by 2050. This analysis emphasizes the importance of strategic planning and mitigation measures to accommodate the expected increase in PV generation and optimize grid performance. 收起