摘要: Multiple missions for lunar Artemis Base Camp development and in-situ resource development will initially require autonomous complex software-hardware system operations followed by a sustainable, long-term astronaut presence. Radi... 展开 Multiple missions for lunar Artemis Base Camp development and in-situ resource development will initially require autonomous complex software-hardware system operations followed by a sustainable, long-term astronaut presence. Radiation exposure from solar particle events (SPEs) and galactic cosmic rays (GCR) presents a significant hazardous concern in mitigating the radiation risk to autonomous robotic systems (ARS) and other spacecraft including orbiters, satellite probes, landers, rovers. Component parts in the hardware systems are categorized according to their respective Radiation Design Margin (RDM). Ratio of the part failure level to the part radiation environment parameterizes the key activity of the missions' hardness assurance program. Reliability of multi-state systems along with that of multi-state components indicates system readiness for the environmental harshness of lunar missions. Space radiation demand placed on ARS appears as an impending/ impacting flux for which comparative measureable analysis of various technologies applied may express the degree of reliability per ASR structural integrity. The aim of this paper is to showcase multiple innovative technologies on radiation tolerance in engineering spacecraft designs and managing operational performance of lunar missions. 收起