摘要 : This article looks at the impact of foreign direct investment (FDI) on host-country firms' capabilities, industry competitiveness and long-term economic development. Focussing on the case of Portugal over a period of 300 years, it... 展开 This article looks at the impact of foreign direct investment (FDI) on host-country firms' capabilities, industry competitiveness and long-term economic development. Focussing on the case of Portugal over a period of 300 years, it develops a framework of the types of knowledge spillovers, based on the behaviour of, and interactions between, foreign investors and local players. This study argues that the impact of FDI in Portugal has evolved in stages, from closed to interactive approaches, increasing the learning by local players. These ultimately lead to the long-term upgrade of firms' capabilities, industry competitiveness and host-country economic development. 收起