摘要 : Contrarian behavior is a kind of self-organization in complex adaptive systems (CASs). Here we report theexistence of a transition point in a model resource-allocation CAS with contrarian behavior by using humanexperiments, comput... 展开 Contrarian behavior is a kind of self-organization in complex adaptive systems (CASs). Here we report theexistence of a transition point in a model resource-allocation CAS with contrarian behavior by using humanexperiments, computer simulations, and theoretical analysis. The resource ratio and system predictability serveas the tuning parameter and order parameter, respectively. The transition point helps to reveal the positive ornegative role of contrarian behavior. This finding is in contrast to the common belief that contrarian behavioralways has a positive role in resource allocation, say, stabilizing resource allocation by shrinking the redundancyor the lack of resources. It is further shown that resource allocation can be optimized at the transition point byadding an appropriate size of contrarians. This work is also expected to be of value to some other fields rangingfrom management and social science to ecology and evolution. 收起