摘要 : 多糖作为生物体内普遍存在的生物大分子,其重要性不仅体现在作为生物体结构的基础成分上,更显著地展现在其具有抗病毒、抗菌、抗肿瘤和调节血糖等多样的生物活性上。众多研究成果表明天然多糖因其独特的生物活性,正逐步在药物研发领域展现其广泛的应用... 展开 多糖作为生物体内普遍存在的生物大分子,其重要性不仅体现在作为生物体结构的基础成分上,更显著地展现在其具有抗病毒、抗菌、抗肿瘤和调节血糖等多样的生物活性上。众多研究成果表明天然多糖因其独特的生物活性,正逐步在药物研发领域展现其广泛的应用前景。本文对具有免疫增强潜力的天然多糖的生物资源来源、化学组成和结构特征进行综述,并对天然多糖在调节肠道菌群方面的理论基础研究进行总结的基础上探讨其免疫增强的作用机制,继而展望了这一领域的发展前景和方向。经过本文的深入探讨,我们旨在为天然多糖的免疫活性研究提供坚实的理论支撑,并期望能够激发研究者们对多糖免疫调节机制更深层次研究的全新思考。本文不仅对多糖在增强机体免疫力方面的潜在作用进行梳理,还揭示了其作为天然产物的独特优势,为未来的研究提供了新的方向。Polysaccharides, as ubiquitous biological macromolecules, play a crucial role not only as fundamental components of organism structures but also in various physiological activities such as antiviral, antibacterial, anti-tumor effects and blood glucose regulation. Extensive research has demonstrated that natural polysaccharides possess unique biological activities, gradually revealing their broad application prospects in drug research and development. In this review, we comprehensively summarize the biological resources, chemical composition, and structural characteristics of natural polysaccharides with immune-enhancing potential. Furthermore, we delve into the mechanisms underlying immune enhancement and focus on the theoretical basis of natural polysaccharides in regulating intestinal flora. Additionally, we prospectively discuss future directions for development in this field. The aim of this paper is to provide a solid theoretical foundation for studying the immune activity of natural polysaccharides while stimulating novel insights into the deeper understanding of their immune regulation mechanisms. This review not only summarizes the potential role of polysaccharides in enhancing immunity but also highlights their unique advantages as natural products—providing new avenues for future research. 收起