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We construct a two–class asymmetric interacting particle system with u_q(so_6) or u_q(so_8) symmetry, in which up to two particles may occupy a site if the two particles have different class. The particles exhibit a drift, but th...
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We construct a two–class asymmetric interacting particle system with u_q(so_6) or u_q(so_8) symmetry, in which up to two particles may occupy a site if the two particles have different class. The particles exhibit a drift, but there is no preference given between first–class and second–class particles. The quantum group symmetry leads to reversible measures and a self–duality for the particle system. Additionally, a new method is developed to construct a symmetric interacting particle system from the Casimir element of so_(2n).
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Conflict-related sexual violence (CRSV) against women and girls has been the subject of increasing research and scholarship. Less is known about the health of men, boys and lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender (LGBT) and other gend...
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Conflict-related sexual violence (CRSV) against women and girls has been the subject of increasing research and scholarship. Less is known about the health of men, boys and lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender (LGBT) and other gender non-binary persons who survive CRSV. This paper is the first systematic realist review on medical, mental health and psychosocial support (MHPSS) interventions that focusses on male and LGBT survivors of CRSV. The review explores the gender differences in context, mechanisms and outcomes that underpin interventions addressing the health and psychosocial wellbeing of male and LGBT survivors. The aim is to contribute to the design and delivery of gender-sensitive and, when needed, gender-specific approaches for interventions that respond to specific needs of different groups of all survivors. We conducted a systematic search of academic and grey literature to identify medical and MHPSS interventions that included men, boys and LGBT survivors. We identified interventions specifically targeting women and girls that we used as comparators. We then purposively sampled studies from the fields of gender and health, and sexual abuse against men and LGBT people for theory building and testing. We identified 26 evaluations of interventions for survivors of CRSV. Nine studies included male survivors, twelve studies focussed exclusively on female survivors and one study targeted children and adolescents. No intervention evaluation focussed on LGBT survivors of CRSV. The interventions that included male survivors did not describe specific components for this population. Results of intervention evaluations that included male survivors were not disaggregated by gender, and some studies did not report the gender composition. Although some mental health and psychosocial consequences of sexual violence against men and boys may be similar among male and female survivors, the way each process trauma, display symptoms, seek help, adhere to treatment and improve their mental health differ by gender. Initiatives targeting male and LGBT survivors of CRSV need to be designed to actively address specific gender differences in access, adherence and response to MHPSS interventions. Models of care that are gender-sensitive and integrated to local resources are promising avenues to promote the health of male and LGBT survivors of CRSV.? The Author(s). 2020.
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A graph on n vertices is said to admit a prime labeling if we can label its vertices with the first n natural numbers such that any two adjacent vertices have relatively prime labels. Here we extend the idea of prime labeling to t...
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A graph on n vertices is said to admit a prime labeling if we can label its vertices with the first n natural numbers such that any two adjacent vertices have relatively prime labels. Here we extend the idea of prime labeling to the Gaussian integers, which are the complex numbers whose real and imaginary parts are both integers. We begin by defining an order on the Gaussian integers that lie in the first quadrant. Using this ordering, we show that several families of trees admit a prime labeling with the Gaussian integers.
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The hydrological properties of leaf litter layers remain relatively unexplored, especially in tropical vegetation communities. In this paper we explore the hydrological dynamics of litter samples from reforestation plots of tropic...
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The hydrological properties of leaf litter layers remain relatively unexplored, especially in tropical vegetation communities. In this paper we explore the hydrological dynamics of litter samples from reforestation plots of tropical hardwoods and the invasive sugar cane Saccharum spontaneum, which these trees were planted to replace. Water holding capacity (WHC) and drying rates were compared under controlled conditions, and throughfall interception, drainage and calculated evaporation were measured in two field experiments (A and B) conducted with different sets of samples. The WHC of samples varied from 3.4 to 6.5 mm in experiment A, and from 1.6 to 7.1 mm in experiment B. Drainage through the litter samples averaged 78.3 ± 34.4% and 61.2 ± 34.70% TF in experiments A and B, respectively. Daily water storage was 70.8 ± 14.25% of total WHC in experiment A and 78.6 ± 25.35% of total WHC in experiment B. Estimated evaporation averaged 34.8 ± 12.52% of WHC in experiment A and 34.3 ± 14.91% of WHC in experiment B. Although significant interspecific differences in WHC, interception of TF and evaporation were recorded, species rankings tended to be different in experiments A and B. The exception was litter from the leguminous tree Gliricidia sepium, which maintained the lowest WHC and water storage in the field in both experiments, but which evaporated water more rapidly than other species. The depth of throughfall draining through litter samples in the field was similar among all species in both experiments. Comparisons of regression slopes also showed that drainage depth increased with increasing throughfall at similar rates among species. On the other hand, both slopes and slope elevations differed among species when drainage was expressed in l kg1. Patterns of water storage and drainage in our samples were in broad agreement with those of other studies, although WHC and litter necromass in our young tree plantations fell into the lower end of the range reported for mature Amazonian forest.
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The hydrological properties of leaf litter layers remain relatively unexplored, especially in tropical vegetation communities. In this paper we explore the hydrological dynamics of litter samples from reforestation plots of tropic...
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The hydrological properties of leaf litter layers remain relatively unexplored, especially in tropical vegetation communities. In this paper we explore the hydrological dynamics of litter samples from reforestation plots of tropical hardwoods and the invasive sugar cane Saccharum spontaneum, which these trees were planted to replace. Water holding capacity (WHC) and drying rates were compared under controlled conditions, and throughfall interception, drainage and calculated evaporation were measured in two field experiments (A and B) conducted with different sets of samples. The WHC of samples varied from 3.4 to 6.5 mm in experiment A, and from 1.6 to 7.1 mm in experiment B. Drainage through the litter samples averaged 78.3 ± 34.4% and 61.2 ± 34.70% TF in experiments A and B, respectively. Daily water storage was 70.8 ± 14.25% of total WHC in experiment A and 78.6 ± 25.35% of total WHC in experiment B. Estimated evaporation averaged 34.8 ± 12.52% of WHC in experiment A and 34.3 ± 14.91% of WHC in experiment B. Although significant interspecific differences in WHC, interception of TF and evaporation were recorded, species rankings tended to be different in experiments A and B. The exception was litter from the leguminous tree Gliricidia sepium, which maintained the lowest WHC and water storage in the field in both experiments, but which evaporated water more rapidly than other species. The depth of throughfall draining through litter samples in the field was similar among all species in both experiments. Comparisons of regression slopes also showed that drainage depth increased with increasing throughfall at similar rates among species. On the other hand, both slopes and slope elevations differed among species when drainage was expressed in l kg1. Patterns of water storage and drainage in our samples were in broad agreement with those of other studies, although WHC and litter necromass in our young tree plantations fell into the lower end of the range reported for mature Amazonian forest.
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The physiological relevance of naturally occurring IgM-ALA remains to be elucidated. These autoantibodies are present from birth and increase in diverse inflammatory states that are both infectious and noninfectious. Clinical obse...
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The physiological relevance of naturally occurring IgM-ALA remains to be elucidated. These autoantibodies are present from birth and increase in diverse inflammatory states that are both infectious and noninfectious. Clinical observations showing significantly less acute allograft rejections in recipients having high IgM-ALA levels, led us to investigate whether IgM-ALA could have a functional role in attenuating T cell mediated inflammatory responses. In pursuit of this hypothesis, we did studies using IgM purified from the serum of normal individuals, patients with end stage renal disease, and HIV-1 infection. All preparations of IgM immunoprecipitated certain receptors e.g., CD3, CD4, CCR5, and CXCR4 from whole cell lysates but failed to immunoprecipitate IL-2R and HLA Ags. In physiological doses IgM down-regulated CD4, CD2 and CD86 but not CD8 and CD28, inhibited T cell proliferation, decreased production of certain proinflammatory cytokines e.g., TNF-α, IL-13 and IL-2, but not IFN- γ, IL-1β, GM-CSF, IL-6 and IL-8 and inhibited leukocyte chemotaxis. These inhibitory effects were more pronounced when using IgM from patients with high levels of IgM-ALA and these inhibitory effects were significantly reduced after using IgM preabsorbed with leukocytes. IgM-ALA binding to leukocytes was found to be highly specific, as <10% of IgM secreting B cell clones had IgM-ALA specificity with some clones having specificity for either T cells or monocytes. These findings support the concept that IgM-ALA provides an innate mechanism to regulate T cell mediated inflammatory responses.
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We studied community development and mortality among tree species at multiple spatial scales in a 236-year mixedwood chronosequence at Lake Duparquet, Quebec. Spatial relationships, species associations, and understory-overstory r...
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We studied community development and mortality among tree species at multiple spatial scales in a 236-year mixedwood chronosequence at Lake Duparquet, Quebec. Spatial relationships, species associations, and understory-overstory replacement patterns were studied using spatial statistics, patch indices, G tests, and transition matrices. Results of these analyses showed that shade-intolerant and shade-tolerant tree communities formed increasingly fine-grained patches in midsuccession. These fine-grained associations appear to be partly due to suppressed stems being released into a slowly thinning canopy and partly due to new recruitment of shade-tolerant conifers. In 1-ha plots, tree species richness and evenness peaked in 25-, 100-, and 400-m~2 subplots during midsuccession. Forest cover type diversity also peaked in midsuccessional landscapes assessed using aerial photographs. The oldest 1-ha plot was dominated by monospecific patches of eastern white cedar (Thuja occidentalis L.), which was the most likely replacement for live and dead trees and the most abundant species in the numerous subplots that were occupied by trees smaller than 8 cm DBH. In spite of this dominance, long-lived paper birch (Betula papyrifera Marsh.) and residual fir (Abiesbalsamea (L.) Mill.) seedlings may maintain the mixedwood character of this stand into the future. The implications of our findings for stand management and conservation are discussed.
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The recombinant adeno-associated virus (AAV) vector is one of the most utilized viral vectors in gene therapy due to its robust, long-term in?vivo transgene expression and low toxicity. One major hurdle for clinical AAV applicatio...
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The recombinant adeno-associated virus (AAV) vector is one of the most utilized viral vectors in gene therapy due to its robust, long-term in?vivo transgene expression and low toxicity. One major hurdle for clinical AAV applications is large-scale manufacturing. In this regard, the baculovirus-based AAV production system is highly attractive due to its scalability and predictable biosafety. Here, we describe a simple method to improve the baculovirus-based AAV production using the ExpiSf Baculovirus Expression System with a chemically defined medium for suspension culture of high-density ExpiSf9 cells. Baculovirus-infected ExpiSf9 cells produced up to 5?× 10<sup>11</sup> genome copies of highly purified AAV vectors per 1?mL of suspension culture, which is up to a 19-fold higher yield than the titers we obtained from the conventional Sf9 cell-based system. When mice were administered the same dose of AAV vectors, we saw comparable transduction efficiency and biodistributions between the vectors made in ExpiSf9 and Sf9 cells. Thus, the ExpiSf Baculovirus Expression System would support facile and scalable AAV manufacturing amenable for preclinical and clinical applications.
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A bijection f : A ! B on two sets of integers A and B is a coprime mapping if gcd(a, f(a)) = 1 for all a 2 A. Carl Pomerance and J. L. Selfridge proved that if n is a positive integer, A = {1, 2, . . . , n}, and B is any set of n ...
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A bijection f : A ! B on two sets of integers A and B is a coprime mapping if gcd(a, f(a)) = 1 for all a 2 A. Carl Pomerance and J. L. Selfridge proved that if n is a positive integer, A = {1, 2, . . . , n}, and B is any set of n consecutive integers, then a coprime mapping from A onto B always exists. Here we consider coprime mappings on adjacent sets of n consecutive integers. We conjecture that if A is a set of n consecutive integers with n 2 A and B is the adjacent set of n consecutive integers, then a coprime mapping from A onto B always exists. We computationally verify that this conjecture holds for n ? 600, and prove that it holds if A = {2, 3, 4, . . . , n + 1} or if n or n + 1 is prime.
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AbstractContextDespite progesterone’s key role in uterine smooth muscle tumorigenesis, the mechanisms by which it promotes the growth of uterine leiomyomas remain poorly understood.
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