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Introduction: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major worldwide neurological disorder of epidemic proportions. To date, there are still no FDA-approved therapies to treat any forms of TBI. Encouragingly, there are emerging data sh...
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Introduction: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major worldwide neurological disorder of epidemic proportions. To date, there are still no FDA-approved therapies to treat any forms of TBI. Encouragingly, there are emerging data showing that biofluid-based TBI biomarker tests have the potential to diagnose the presence of TBI of different severities including concussion, and to predict outcome. Areas covered: The authors provide an update on the current knowledge of TBI biomarkers, including protein biomarkers for neuronal cell body injury (UCH-L1, NSE), astroglial injury (GFAP, S100B), neuronal cell death (盜I-spectrin breakdown products), axonal injury (NF proteins), white matter injury (MBP), post-injury neurodegeneration (total Tau and phospho-Tau), post-injury autoimmune response (brain antigen-targeting autoantibodies), and other emerging non-protein biomarkers. The authors discuss biomarker evidence in TBI diagnosis, outcome prognosis and possible identification of post-TBI neurodegernative diseases (e.g. chronic traumatic encephalopathy and Alzheimers disease), and as theranostic tools in pre-clinical and clinical settings. Expert commentary: A spectrum of biomarkers is now at or near the stage of formal clinical validation of their diagnostic and prognostic utilities in the management of TBI of varied severities including concussions. TBI biomarkers could serve as a theranostic tool in facilitating drug development and treatment monitoring. ?2018 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.
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Experimental data and early phase I/II studies suggest that high-dose chemotherapy followed by autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) can arrest progression of severe autoimmune diseases. We have evaluated the t...
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Experimental data and early phase I/II studies suggest that high-dose chemotherapy followed by autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) can arrest progression of severe autoimmune diseases. We have evaluated the toxicity and disease response in 473 patients with severe autoimmune disease treated with autologous HSCT between 1995 and 2003, from 110 centers participating in the European Group for Blood and Marrow Transplantation (EBMT) autoimmune disease working party database. Survival, transplant-related mortality, treatment response and disease progression were assessed. In all, 420 patients (89%; 86+/-4% at 3 years, median follow-up 20 months) were alive, 53 (11%) had died from transplant-related mortality (N=31; 7+/-3% at 3 years) or disease progression (N=22; 9+/-4% at 3 years). Of 370 patients, 299 evaluable for response (81%) showed a treatment response, which was sustained in 213 (71% of responders). Response was associated with disease (P<0.001), was better in patients who received cyclophosphamide during mobilization (relative risk (RR)3.28 (1.57-6.83)) and was worse with increasing age (>40 years, RR0.29 (0.11-0.82)). Disease progression was associated with disease (P<0.001) and conditioning intensity (high intensity, RR1; intermediate intensity, RR1.81 (0.96-3.42)); low intensity, RR2.34 (1.074-5.11)). These data from the collective EBMT experience support the hypothesis that autologous HSCT can alter disease progression in severe autoimmune disease.
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A high-throughput screening program identified two piperazine sulfonamides with activity against Plasmodium falciparum. Both screening positives had three structural features with potential liabilities: furanyl, thiourea and nitro...
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A high-throughput screening program identified two piperazine sulfonamides with activity against Plasmodium falciparum. Both screening positives had three structural features with potential liabilities: furanyl, thiourea and nitrophenyl groups. The furan could be replaced with no loss of activity, replacement of the nitrophenyl led to some loss of activity, and any attempt to replace the thiourea led to a significant decrease in activity, which implicates this reactive functional group's role in the antiplasmodial activity of this compound class.
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摘要 :
A high-throughput screening program identified two piperazine sulfonamides with activity against Plasmodium falciparum. Both screening positives had three structural features with potential liabilities: furanyl, thiourea and nitro...
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A high-throughput screening program identified two piperazine sulfonamides with activity against Plasmodium falciparum. Both screening positives had three structural features with potential liabilities: furanyl, thiourea and nitrophenyl groups. The furan could be replaced with no loss of activity, replacement of the nitrophenyl led to some loss of activity, and any attempt to replace the thiourea led to a significant decrease in activity, which implicates this reactive functional group's role in the antiplasmodial activity of this compound class.
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