摘要 :
Videolaryngoscopes are thought to improve glottic view and facilitate tracheal intubation compared with the Macintosh direct laryngoscope. However, we currently do not know which one would be the best choice in most patients under...
展开
Videolaryngoscopes are thought to improve glottic view and facilitate tracheal intubation compared with the Macintosh direct laryngoscope. However, we currently do not know which one would be the best choice in most patients undergoing anaesthesia. We designed this systematic review with network meta-analyses to rank the different videolaryngoscopes and the Macintosh direct laryngoscope. We conducted searches in PubMed and a further five databases on 11 January 2021. We included randomised clinical trials with patients aged >= 16 years, comparing different videolaryngoscopes, or videolaryngoscopes with the Macintosh direct laryngoscope for the outcomes: failed intubation; failed first intubation attempt; failed intubation within two attempts; difficult intubation; percentage of glottic opening seen; difficult laryngoscopy; and time needed for intubation. We assessed the quality of evidence according to GRADE recommendations and included 179 studies in the meta-analyses. The C-MAC and C-MAC D-Blade were top ranked for avoiding failed intubation, but we did not find statistically significant differences between any two distinct videolaryngoscopes for this outcome. Further, the C-MAC D-Blade performed significantly better than the C-MAC Macintosh blade for difficult laryngoscopy. We found statistically significant differences between the laryngoscopes for time to intubation, but these differences were not considered clinically relevant. The evidence was judged as of low or very low quality overall. In conclusion, different videolaryngoscopes have differential intubation performance and some may be currently preferred among the available devices. Furthermore, videolaryngoscopes and the Macintosh direct laryngoscope may be considered clinically equivalent for the time taken for tracheal intubation. However, despite the rankings from our analyses, the current available evidence is not sufficient to ensure significant superiority of one device or a small set of them over the others for our intubation-related outcomes.
收起
摘要 :
Green tea has been associated with positive effects in the treatment of obesity and other associated comorbidities such as type 2 diabetes. These benefits are thought to be related to the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects ...
展开
Green tea has been associated with positive effects in the treatment of obesity and other associated comorbidities such as type 2 diabetes. These benefits are thought to be related to the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of green tea and to the reduction in body fat percentage exhibited by its bioactive compounds. The predominant active compounds in green tea are flavonoid monomers known as catechins, in particular epigallocatechin-3-gallate, which is the most abundant and most effective catechin in metabolic care, particularly among obese patients. The objective of this review was to investigate the effects of green tea on body composition, oxidative stress, inflammation and insulin resistance, risk factors for the development of type 2 diabetes in obese individuals and the mechanisms that underlie the modulatory actions of green tea compounds on these risk factors. Although green tea has therapeutic potential in the treatment of obese individuals, the findings of this review demonstrate the need for a greater number of studies to confirm the positive effects of green tea, especially regarding the modulation of obesity.
收起
摘要 :
The objective of this study was to evaluate possible side effects of insecticides used in soybean crops on pupae and adults of the egg parasitoid Telenomus podisi Ashmead (Hymenoptera: Platygastridae) under laboratory conditions. ...
展开
The objective of this study was to evaluate possible side effects of insecticides used in soybean crops on pupae and adults of the egg parasitoid Telenomus podisi Ashmead (Hymenoptera: Platygastridae) under laboratory conditions. The protocol was adapted from standard methodology stablished by the Pesticides and Beneficial Organisms Working Group of the International Organization for Biological and integrated Control (IOBC) for Trichogramma cacoeciae (Marchal) (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae). All tested benzoylureas, diacylhydrazines, diamides and spinosins as well as pyrethroid beta-cyfluthrin were harmless to T. podisi pupae and adults, and therefore, can be used in IPM without damage to this biological control agent. The tested organophosphate, pyrethroids (except beta-cyfluthrin) and its combinations with either neonicotinoids or diamides triggered deleterious effects on at least one of the life stages of the parasitoid and should, whenever possible, be replaced by other insecticides more selective to natural enemies.
收起
摘要 :
We conducted three bioassays to evaluate the effect of low-temperature storage of eggs (host) and pupae and adults (parasitoid) on the biology and parasitism capacity of the egg parasitoid Telenomus remus (Nixon) (Hymenoptera: Pla...
展开
We conducted three bioassays to evaluate the effect of low-temperature storage of eggs (host) and pupae and adults (parasitoid) on the biology and parasitism capacity of the egg parasitoid Telenomus remus (Nixon) (Hymenoptera: Platygastridae). Viable stored Corcyra cephalonica (Stainton) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) eggs were parasitized to the same degree or even higher than fresh eggs when stored until 14 days at 5A degrees C or until 21 days at 10A degrees C. In contrast, the percentage of parasitized sterilized eggs was equal to the control only when stored for 7 and 14 days. Survival of T. remus pupae declined with storage time at both studied temperatures (5 and 10A degrees C). However, after 7 days of storage, survival of pupae was still 86.3 and 64.9% at 10 and 5A degrees C, respectively. The number of adult male survivors remained similar until the fourth storage day at both 5 and 10A degrees C. In contrast, female survival did not differ until day 8 at 10A degrees C or day 6 at 5A degrees C. Parasitism capacity of stored adults was not altered by storage compared with the control. Therefore, we conclude that the maximal storage time at 10A degrees C is 21 days for viable C. cephalonica eggs and 7 days for T. remus pupae, while parasitoid adults should not be stored for more than 4 days at either 5 or 10A degrees C.
收起
摘要 :
We conducted three bioassays to evaluate the effect of low-temperature storage of eggs (host) and pupae and adults (parasitoid) on the biology and parasitism capacity of the egg parasitoid Telenomus remus (Nixon) (Hymenoptera: Pla...
展开
We conducted three bioassays to evaluate the effect of low-temperature storage of eggs (host) and pupae and adults (parasitoid) on the biology and parasitism capacity of the egg parasitoid Telenomus remus (Nixon) (Hymenoptera: Platygastridae). Viable stored Corcyra cephalonica (Stainton) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) eggs were parasitized to the same degree or even higher than fresh eggs when stored until 14 days at 5A degrees C or until 21 days at 10A degrees C. In contrast, the percentage of parasitized sterilized eggs was equal to the control only when stored for 7 and 14 days. Survival of T. remus pupae declined with storage time at both studied temperatures (5 and 10A degrees C). However, after 7 days of storage, survival of pupae was still 86.3 and 64.9% at 10 and 5A degrees C, respectively. The number of adult male survivors remained similar until the fourth storage day at both 5 and 10A degrees C. In contrast, female survival did not differ until day 8 at 10A degrees C or day 6 at 5A degrees C. Parasitism capacity of stored adults was not altered by storage compared with the control. Therefore, we conclude that the maximal storage time at 10A degrees C is 21 days for viable C. cephalonica eggs and 7 days for T. remus pupae, while parasitoid adults should not be stored for more than 4 days at either 5 or 10A degrees C.
收起
摘要 :
Cobalt ferrite magnetic nanoparticles (CFO) and CoFe2O4:BaTiO3 (CFO:BTO) nanocomposites were synthesized successfully by a polymeric method and by a combination of polymeric and citrate-gel methods, respectively. Nanoparticles wit...
展开
Cobalt ferrite magnetic nanoparticles (CFO) and CoFe2O4:BaTiO3 (CFO:BTO) nanocomposites were synthesized successfully by a polymeric method and by a combination of polymeric and citrate-gel methods, respectively. Nanoparticles with a uniform shape, good size distribution and a core-shell microstructure were observed by transmission electron microscopy images. X-ray diffraction and ATR-FTIR results attested a cubic spinel structure for CFO nanoparticles and composites core, as well as a BTO tetragonal perovskite structure for nanocomposites shell. All samples presented a ferrimagnetic-like behaviour at 300K, with coercive fields of 325Oe and 840Oe and saturation magnetizations of 46.2 and 59.6emu/g, respectively, for CFO and CFO:BTO (3:2).
收起
摘要 :
The present study evaluated the effects of the inclusion of three seaweeds, Gracilaria vermiculophylla (GRA), Porphyra dioica (POR), and Ulva spp. (ULV), as dietary ingredients for Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) juveniles, o...
展开
The present study evaluated the effects of the inclusion of three seaweeds, Gracilaria vermiculophylla (GRA), Porphyra dioica (POR), and Ulva spp. (ULV), as dietary ingredients for Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) juveniles, on the growth performance, body composition, and gut histology. Three experimental diets (GRA, POR, and ULV) were formulated to replace 10 % of whole diet by each of the three seaweeds. A control diet (CTRL) was used, without inclusion of any seaweed. Diets were fed to triplicate groups of 25 Nile tilapia juveniles, with an average body weight (ABW) of 12.1 g, in an 84-day trial. At the end of the trial, growth performance was significantly reduced (P < 0.05) in fish fed the GRA diet, whereas the feed conversion ratio increased significantly in those fish. None of the treatments caused adverse effects on body composition. The inclusion of the three seaweeds in the diet led to evident changes in the fish digestive system morphology with significant reduction of villi length on GRA diet. The results obtained in this study suggest the usefulness of P. dioica and Ulva spp. to partially replace fishmeal in practical diets for tilapia juveniles up to 10 %, as no negative consequences on growth performance or body composition were observed. However, the inclusion of 10 % G. vermiculophylla seems to have a negative effect in diet palatability, reducing fish feed intake and growth performance.
收起
摘要 :
Bovine mastitis is the primary disease of dairy cattle that has a great impact on the dairy industry. It is estimated that worldwide economic losses due to mastitis range between US$82 and US$131 per cow/year. A fast and efficient...
展开
Bovine mastitis is the primary disease of dairy cattle that has a great impact on the dairy industry. It is estimated that worldwide economic losses due to mastitis range between US$82 and US$131 per cow/year. A fast and efficient diagnosis of the disease remains a major bottleneck that directly influences the speed with which treatment decisions and management are undertaken. Microbiological culture remains the gold standard in the identification of bacteria that cause mastitis, but the method has inherent limitations, such as a delay in obtaining results and cost, and requires special care during the collection and processing of the sample. For this reason, multiple groups have devoted efforts to develop alternative methods that, preferably, can be easily accomplished in the field. The specificity of the antigen-antibody reaction has enabled the emergence of major diagnostic methods used in clinical practice, such as immunoassays, which have significant advantages in terms of speed, sensitivity, specificity, and portability. Commercially, immunodiagnostics have been used in the detection of various diseases in cattle. However, in several cases, only a presumptive diagnosis can be made, which requires confirmation using culture-based methods. This review discusses the immunological-based assays developed since the 1990s for the detection of Staphylococcus aureus, which is considered the primary pathogen of contagious bovine mastitis. Although no ideal antigens ensure the accurate performance of tests and the costs need to be reduced to allow for good market competitiveness, immunoassays, particularly lateral flow immunoassay and immunoagglutination, have emerged as promising tests to be used in the field.
收起
摘要 :
Question: Do species phylogeny and herbivory-related defence traits influence species co-occurrence in the cerrado Are anti-herbivory defence traits under- or overdispersed in the quadrats Do soil features mediate these patterns L...
展开
Question: Do species phylogeny and herbivory-related defence traits influence species co-occurrence in the cerrado Are anti-herbivory defence traits under- or overdispersed in the quadrats Do soil features mediate these patterns Location: A cerrado site in SE Brazil (21 degrees 58'05.3"S, 47 degrees 52'10.1"W). Methods: We analysed 100 quadrats of 5 m x 5 m each, and sampled all woody individuals. For each species, we measured nine defence traits against herbivory and tested against null models whether (1) phylogenetic dissimilarities were under- or overdispersed, (2) trait species dissimilarities were under- or overdispersed, and (3) these spatial patterns were associated with soil nutrient content, considering the variation of sum of bases, organic matter, and aluminium. Results: We found phylogenetic signals in two traits, and conservatism of traits as a whole was significant. Phylogenetic structure of communities was in general clustered. We found trait underdispersion for specific leaf area, water content, leaf toughness, and leaf nutritional quality. Specific leaf area was also overdispersed in quadrats. We did not find either under- or overdispersion related to soil features. Conclusions: As phylogenetic and trait underdispersion were not associated with soil features, and fire and drought are not expected to change at study scale, some biotic interaction may be responsible for underdispersion. We postulated that insect herbivory, when representing a large constraint to trees in this environment, could lead to functional and phylogenetic underdispersion.
收起
摘要 :
Aims: To investigate the bacterial diversity, antimicrobial resistance patterns and types of beta-lactamase genes in Gram-negative bacteria isolated from a hospital sewage treatment plant.Methods and Results: Between July and Dece...
展开
Aims: To investigate the bacterial diversity, antimicrobial resistance patterns and types of beta-lactamase genes in Gram-negative bacteria isolated from a hospital sewage treatment plant.Methods and Results: Between July and December 2008, we collected samples from influent, clarifier tank effluent and chlorine contact tank effluent from a sewage treatment plant service of a hospital located in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Of the 221 isolates identified, 40% were characterized as extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producers. Nonpathogenic microorganisms and some pathogenic genera were quantified. The most common ESBL-producing isolates were Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterobacter cloacae and Escherichia coli. The bla(TEM), bla(SHV) and bla(CTX-M) genes were detected in 82, 48 and 67% of bacterial isolates, respectively.Conclusions: Results showed that hospital wastewater treatment plant is not suitable systems for the removal of all antibiotic-resistant micro-organisms present in hospital wastewaters.Significance and Impact of the Study: This study provides evidence that bacteria resistant to multiple antibiotics and their resistance genes that are usually present in the hospital can reach the environment, even after the use of hospital wastewater treatment plants.
收起
原文获取