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The economic development, utilization of petroleum and industrial production have produced a large quantity of emulsified oily wastewater, which will pose a serious threat to human beings and the environment if it is discharged in...
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The economic development, utilization of petroleum and industrial production have produced a large quantity of emulsified oily wastewater, which will pose a serious threat to human beings and the environment if it is discharged into the environment without proper treatment. The conventional treatment methods for oily wastewater mainly include physical, chemical, and biological methods. Membrane separation technology, as a representative of physical treatment technology, has become a research hotspot. A large number of studies have shown that membrane separation technology has many advantages such as low energy consumption, low cost, high efficiency, and environmental protection. However, the practical engineering application is dominated by chemical treatment rather than membrane separation technology. So, the reason why membrane separation technology has not been widely applied in practice warrants investigation. In this paper, two main issues are summarized after comprehensive analysis: (1) the mechanism of membrane demulsification and separation is still unclear, especially the migration and transformation of emulsifiers during the process of demulsification; (2) some limitations such as membrane stability and membrane pollution are still needs to be overcome. Therefore, this paper deeply analyzes the demulsification mechanism and application barriers of various demulsification technologies with the overview of emulsion system as the starting point. An important emphasis is the application status of membrane separation technology in emulsion separation and the membrane fouling problem. Finally, some important issues in this field worthy of attention in the future development are put forward.
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Dandelion, a medicinal and edible plant, exhibits anti-inflammatory activity. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the inhibitory effectiveness of the aqueous dandelion root extract (DRE) on esophageal squamous cell...
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Dandelion, a medicinal and edible plant, exhibits anti-inflammatory activity. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the inhibitory effectiveness of the aqueous dandelion root extract (DRE) on esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). The in vitro cell proliferation, migration, invasion and apoptosis and the in vivo tumor growth were evaluated. The effects of DRE on PI3K/Akt and Ras/Raf/ERK pathways, which are important signaling pathways related to the development and progression of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, were studied. The effects of DRE on the expression of apoptosis-related proteins BCL2 and BAX were also investigated. Meanwhile, the role of a cystathionine-beta-synthase (CBS)/H2S system in ESCC cells and the effects of DRE on the CBS/H2S system were assessed. The results showed that DRE selectively inhibited cell growth, proliferation, migration and invasion and induced cell apoptosis in ESCC cells. Moreover, the oral administration of DRE retarded the growth of tumors in human ESCC xenograft models. The DRE treatment led to a dose-dependent reduction in the levels of PI3K, p-Akt, Ras, Raf and pERK1/2 proteins in ESCC cells. DRE also caused a decrease in the anti-apoptotic protein BCL2 and an increase in the pro-apoptotic protein BAX. The data also showed that the CBS/H2S system implicated in the process of ESCC and DRE inhibited the CBS/H2S system. Moreover, the CBS knockdown weakened the cancer cell-inhibiting effectiveness of DRE. Therefore, DRE may affect ESCC progression through the regulation of PI3K/Akt and Ras/Raf/ERK signal pathways as well as the endogenous CBS/H2S system, and consequently, serve as an effective anti-cancer alternative for human ESCC treatment.
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IntroductionIn the randomized, open-label, parallel-arm, active-controlled phase III AWARD-CHN2 trial, once-weekly dulaglutide plus concomitant oral antihyperglycemic medications (OAMs) improved HbA1c over 26?weeks compared with o...
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IntroductionIn the randomized, open-label, parallel-arm, active-controlled phase III AWARD-CHN2 trial, once-weekly dulaglutide plus concomitant oral antihyperglycemic medications (OAMs) improved HbA1c over 26?weeks compared with once-daily insulin glargine in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This post-hoc subgroup analysis of AWARD-CHN2 investigated the pancreatic safety of dulaglutide in Chinese patients with T2DM, stratified by potential influencing factors.MethodsChanges in pancreatic enzyme (pancreatic amylase, total amylase, and lipase) levels over 26?weeks were assessed and stratified by patient age (?0.05) or clinically significant between-group differences for age (<?60?years: 5.34;?≥?60?years: 6.71), sex (female: 5.85; male: 5.66), duration of diabetes (<?10?years: 6.15;?≥?10?years: 4.85), weight (<?70?kg: 6.19;?≥?70?kg: 5.39), BMI (<?25?kg/m 2 : 5.92;?≥?25?kg/m 2 : 5.61), HbA1c (<?8.5%: 6.82;?≥?8.5%: 4.08), triglycerides (<?2.3?mmol/L: 4.94;?≥?2.3?mmol/L: 8.04), and concomitant OAMs (metformin: 5.68; sulfonylurea: 5.44; metformin plus sulfonylurea: 5.87). Similar results were observed for total amylase and lipase.ConclusionIn Chinese patients with T2DM receiving dulaglutide 1.5?mg in AWARD-CHN2, elevations of pancreatic enzymes over 26?weeks were within the normal range and were neither associated with pancreatitis nor baseline factors, which suggests the clinical use of dulaglutide in Chinese patients with T2DM is not associated with pancreatic safety issues.Clinical Trial registrationNCT01648582.
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In the current work, novel super-wetting HKUST-1 membrane was fabricated via seed-mediated growth method. These HKUST-1 crystal seeds were successfully sprouted on the polydopamine coated stainless steel mesh surface. The characte...
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In the current work, novel super-wetting HKUST-1 membrane was fabricated via seed-mediated growth method. These HKUST-1 crystal seeds were successfully sprouted on the polydopamine coated stainless steel mesh surface. The characterization results showed that the as-prepared membrane had an excellent superhydrophilic and underwater superoleophobic property because of the presence of polydopamine and HKUST-1 crystal seeds. Meanwhile, the membrane still maintained high separation flux and separation efficiency after high temperature treatment and immersion in different concentrations of acid-base salt solutions, which indicated that the HKUST1 membrane has excellent thermal stability and chemical stability. The as-prepared membrane also showed remarkable anti-fouling performance and self-cleaning property to crude oil. Moreover, the as-prepared membrane achieved an excellent separation efficiency against four different oil-water mixtures just driven by gravity. The continuous separation tests and oil-water separation in different acid, alkali and salt environments indicated that the as-prepared membrane had an excellent oil-water separation performance for practical applications. The oil-water efficiency was over 99% and the pure water flux was up to 11.1 x 10(4) L m(-2) h(-1).
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Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a high-risk subtype of breast cancer with high capacity for metastasis and lacking of therapeutic targets. Our previous studies indicated that cystathionine γ-lyase (CSE) may be a new targe...
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Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a high-risk subtype of breast cancer with high capacity for metastasis and lacking of therapeutic targets. Our previous studies indicated that cystathionine γ-lyase (CSE) may be a new target related to the recurrence or metastasis of TNBC. Downregulation of CSE could inhibit the growth and metastasis of TNBC. The purpose of this study was to investigate the activity of the novel CSE inhibitor I194496 against TNBC in vivo and in vitro. The anticancer activity of I194496 in vitro were detected by MTS, EdU, and transwell assays. Methylene blue assay was used to determine the H2S level. Western blot was performed to analyze the expression of related pathway proteins. Xenograft tumors in nude mice were used to analyze the anticancer activity of I194496 in vivo. I194496 exerted potent inhibitory effects than l-propargylglycine (PAG, an existing CSE inhibitor) on human TNBC cells and possessed lower toxicity in normal breast epithelial Hs578Bst cells. I194496 reduced the activity and expression of CSE protein and the release of H2S in human TNBC cells. Meanwhile, the protein levels of PI3K, Akt, phospho (p)-Akt, Ras, Raf, p-ERK, p-Anxa2, STAT3, p-STAT3, VEGF, FAK, and Paxillin were decreased in human TNBC cells administrated with I194496. Furthermore, I194496 showed more stronger inhibitory effects on human TNBC xenograft tumors in nude mice. I194496 could inhibit the growth of human TNBC cells via the dual targeting PI3K/Akt and Ras/Raf/ERK pathway and suppress the metastasis of human TNBC cells via down-regulating Anxa2/STAT3 and VEGF/FAK/Paxillin signaling pathways. CSE inhibitor I194496 might become a novel and potential agent in the treatment of TNBC.
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Based on Cu-BTC metal-organic framework, thiol-functionalized and amino functionalized materials were prepared by the modified Stober method. Then, the Cu-3(BTC)(2) and the functionalized materials were characterized by means of X...
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Based on Cu-BTC metal-organic framework, thiol-functionalized and amino functionalized materials were prepared by the modified Stober method. Then, the Cu-3(BTC)(2) and the functionalized materials were characterized by means of X-ray diffraction, SEM-EDS and FT-IR analysis. The adsorption properties of two materials for Cr(VI) were investigated. Both functionalized materials show good adsorption under acidic conditions. Through adsorption model analysis, the adsorption of Cr(VI) by the two materials were more in line with the pseudo-second-order kinetic equation. The adsorption capacities of Langmuir isothermal fitting were 15.17 mg g(-1) and 7.17 mg g(-1), respectively. During the adsorption process, the functionalized material does not swell and is insoluble in water. After five adsorption-desorption cycles, the adsorption capacity is basically constant and the material can be reused. The results show that the above two functionalized MOFs have good application prospects in the adsorption and removal of heavy metal Cr(VI) in aqueous solution.
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<abstract_text><p>Objective: To evaluate the influence of the size of the metastatic focus in lymph nodes (LNs) on therapeutic response among papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) and cervical pathologically proven LN metastases (pN1).</...
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<abstract_text><p>Objective: To evaluate the influence of the size of the metastatic focus in lymph nodes (LNs) on therapeutic response among papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) and cervical pathologically proven LN metastases (pN1).</p><p>Methods.: Patients with pN1 FTC who underwent total or near-total thyroidectomy, LN dissection, and postoperative radioactive iodine therapy in a university hospital between 2014 and 2016 were retrospectively reviewed. Furthermore, 554 patients were assigned to three groups according to the size of the metastatic focus in the LNs (<= 0.2 cm, 0.2 to 1.0 cm, >= 1.0 cm). Structural incomplete response (SIR) was defined as structural or functional evidence of disease with any thyroglobulin level and/or anti-thyroglobulin antibodies.</p><p>Results: Among the 554 patients, the proportion of patients with SIR was 2.5% (4/161) in group 1, 13.9% (37/267) in group 2, and 46.8% (59/126) in group 3 (chi(2) = 100.073; P<.001). The optimal cutoff value of the size of the largest metastatic focus to the LNs was 0.536 cm to predict SIR with a corresponding sensitivity of 0.82, a specificity of 0.716, and an area under the curve of 0.821 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.777 to 0.864; P<.001). Size of the largest metastatic focus to the LNs was confirmed to be an independent predictive factor for SIR (odds ratio, 9.650; 95% CI, 4.925 to 18.909; P<.001).</p><p>Conclusion: In patients with pN1 PTC, there is an association between the size of the largest metastatic focus to the LNs and incomplete response.</p></abstract_text>
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Cardiac hypertrophy is a myocardial enlargement due to overload pressure, and the primary cause of heart failure. We investigated the function of miR-375-3p in cardiac hypertrophy and its regulating mechanisms. miR-375-3p was upre...
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Cardiac hypertrophy is a myocardial enlargement due to overload pressure, and the primary cause of heart failure. We investigated the function of miR-375-3p in cardiac hypertrophy and its regulating mechanisms. miR-375-3p was upregulated in hearts of the transverse aortic constriction rat model and angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced primary cardiomyocyte hypertrophy model; the opposite was observed for lactate dehydrogenase B (LDHB) protein expression. miR-375-3p knockdown reduced the surface area of primary cardiomyocytes increased by Ang II treatment and decreased the B-natriuretic peptide (BNP) and -myosin heavy chain (-MHC) messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein levels. miR-375-3p was also observed to directly target LDHB. LDHB knockdown increased the surface area of Ang II-treated primary cardiomyocytes and increased the BNP and -MHC mRNA and protein levels. LDHB knockdown attenuated the effects of miR-375-3p on the surface area of primary cardiomyocytes and BNP and -MHC levels. Therefore, miR-375-3p inhibitor suppresses Ang II-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy by promoting LDHB expression.
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Background: Bile acids (BAs) conduct crucial signals in human metabolism. Correlations between changes in plasma BA concentrations, insulin secretion defects, and progression of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in humans have not b...
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Background: Bile acids (BAs) conduct crucial signals in human metabolism. Correlations between changes in plasma BA concentrations, insulin secretion defects, and progression of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in humans have not been sufficiently investigated. This study explored the trajectories of changes in human plasma BA concentrations and their association with insulin secretion dynamics during a two-step hyperglycemic clamp.
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