摘要 :
The automotive industry is undergoing major transformation, with the emergence of vehicular networks, intelligent transportation systems, and autonomous cars over the last decade. These technologies are made possible by recent adv...
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The automotive industry is undergoing major transformation, with the emergence of vehicular networks, intelligent transportation systems, and autonomous cars over the last decade. These technologies are made possible by recent advances of software, hardware, and communication systems, along with the development of various applications and standards. Today, new technologies are incorporated into cars that detect potential road hazards and improve the driving experience. There are three key components being integrated into cars: sensors, information systems, and communication technologies to create connected vehicle networks. Vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communication is being used in connected networks to reduce traffic congestion, improve passengers' safety, and enable the efficient management of vehicles on roads. Here, we present recent research developments and current trends in V2V communications. We discuss architectural issues and wireless technologies that support V2V. We also present recently proposed security solutions for V2V. Finally, we discuss outstanding challenges for enabling the deployment and adoption of V2V technology.
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With the popularity of automobile, traffic safety and our lives are inseparable. In vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs), the properties authenticity, privacy and traceability have already been considered in many previous researches...
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With the popularity of automobile, traffic safety and our lives are inseparable. In vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs), the properties authenticity, privacy and traceability have already been considered in many previous researches. Many automotive systems combine their applications with smart life. In this paper, a speedy seamless safe (3-S) messaging mechanism for roadside-to-vehicle authentication and vehicle-to-vehicle communication is proposed. In addition to the essential requirements mentioned above, 3-S messaging mechanism is designed to reduce the computation cost and provide the seamless communication when the vehicle crosses the various regions. With better performance and availability, our scheme can be applied in various VANET applications, especially in safety systems to provide the drivers active safety.
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Safety applications in vehicular networks have been popular research topics in recent years, such as forward collision warning, emergency braking warning and intersection collision warning systems. The basic safety message broadca...
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Safety applications in vehicular networks have been popular research topics in recent years, such as forward collision warning, emergency braking warning and intersection collision warning systems. The basic safety message broadcast from each car transmits the position, car speed and car heading information. Neighbouring cars receiving this information can decide if there is any danger within the next second. However, the safety application message has positioning accuracy and time-critical problems. Accurate positioning of the car provides a more effective warning to the driver. Moreover, the reliable and efficient delivery of safety information needs to be improved when the penetration rate increases. Hence, this paper proposes a cooperative emergency braking warning system to solve the above problems. This is a system that integrates a camera sensor to construct the state of neighbourhood cars in order to solve the first problem. It then proposes to reduce the repeat and derivable information between the broadcast messages in order to solve the second problem. The proposed system has been implemented to provide a safer driving environment.
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One of the main goals in using vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) system is to provide the driver of a vehicle with services that helps him/her in avoiding chain accidents and traffic jam. Vehicles can get different services from ...
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One of the main goals in using vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) system is to provide the driver of a vehicle with services that helps him/her in avoiding chain accidents and traffic jam. Vehicles can get different services from global servers when connecting to the internet or can cooperate with each other, where each vehicle behaves as a collector for traffic information and a disseminator of necessary data to the neighbouring vehicles during their journey. However, disseminating safety data between connecting vehicles is a challenging task due to the quick change in the wireless network topology, and the broadcast protocol's reliance on many physical parameters (e.g. vehicle's speed, location, roads structures etc.). Thus, getting a reliable VANET system and ensuring the integrity of messages are the main objectives when introducing any dissemination method. This paper reviews several existing VANET safety applications, and revises the disseminating methods for safety messages between vehicles without infrastructure to cover a wide area in a quick reliable way. Wherefore we include relevant works that present different methods to broadcast the warning message between vehicles, particularly when no infrastructure is available. Towards the conclusion, we show a classification tabular for these works, and a comprehensive feedback to reach the optimal perception of the broadcast scheme during safety data dissemination that depends on three objects; the environment, the vehicle as a sender, and the vehicle as a receiver. (C) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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Packet loss in vehicular networks can undermine the effectiveness of communication-based accident prevention systems. Traditionally, retransmission has been used to combat packet loss in communication networks. However, retransmis...
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Packet loss in vehicular networks can undermine the effectiveness of communication-based accident prevention systems. Traditionally, retransmission has been used to combat packet loss in communication networks. However, retransmission overhead is known to increase channel congestion in dense wireless vehicular networks, which increases the likelihood of packet loss due to collisions, limiting the loss recovery capacity of the retransmission algorithm. This paper presents a low-overhead retransmission algorithm called blind xor (BXOR). By xoring multiple packets into a single retransmission, BXOR recovers an increased number of lost packets per retransmission. BXOR keeps the overhead low by not trying to learn the loss status of the receivers via feedback, rather, which packets to xor are blindly decided by the retransmitter alone. It is mathematically proved that BXOR can outperform existing retransmission methods if the conditional reception probability (CRP) of the xored packets is greater than 0.5. The performance is maximized by xoring an optimal number of packets, which is a function of the CRP. It is also proved that there is a negative performance if BXOR is exercised for a CRP of less than 0.5. Guided by the analytical results, we propose a practical BXOR protocol, which opportunistically exercises the xor operation based on the current estimation of the CRP. Simulation experiments confirm that, within a 110-m radius of the original packet transmitter, BXOR can reduce the packet reception failure rate by up to 60% of the rates achievable by previously proposed retransmission algorithms.
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With the development of autonomous driving systems and vehicular networks, vehicles will gain the possibility of taking driving decisions and coordinating them with each other. A suitable communication primitive for this type of a...
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With the development of autonomous driving systems and vehicular networks, vehicles will gain the possibility of taking driving decisions and coordinating them with each other. A suitable communication primitive for this type of application is geocast. Unfortunately, current geocast techniques do not address the reliability problems that arise in what is a safety-critical application domain. Communication failures are difficult to detect, not only due to an unreliable communication channel, but also particularly due to the changing presence of vehicles in the target area. Dealing with these challenges requires an integrated approach, exploiting communication, sensing and driving rules. In this paper, we present the APT of a safety-critical geocast service that allows the sender of a message to reliably confirm reception through feedback and spatial membership. We specify the service based on the requirements of the application domain and the limitations of the environment.
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Road safety, optimized traffic management, and passenger comfort have always been the primary goals of the vehicle networking research community. Advances in computer and communication technologies have made the dream of modern in...
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Road safety, optimized traffic management, and passenger comfort have always been the primary goals of the vehicle networking research community. Advances in computer and communication technologies have made the dream of modern intelligent vehicles a reality through the use of smart sensors, cameras, networking devices, and storage capabilities. Autonomous operation of modern intelligent vehicles requires massive computations where tasks are outsourced. In recent years, various computing paradigms, e.g., mobile cloud computing (MCC), vehicular cloud computing (VCC), multi-access or mobile edge computing (MEC), vehicular edge computing (VEC), vehicular fog computing (VFC), and volunteer computing based VANET (VCBV), have been developed to move computational resources close to the user and handle the delay-sensitive applications of modern intelligent vehicles. Therefore, in this study, we provide a comprehensive overview of all computing paradigms related to vehicular networks. We also present the architectural details, similarities, differences, and key features of each computing paradigm. Finally, we conclude the study with open research challenges in vehicular networks along with future research directions.
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This paper proposes a methodology to quantify the safety benefits of an active hood lift system (AHLS) for protecting pedestrians. AHLS works by lifting up the hood of a vehicle to obtain the space to absorb the impact energy befo...
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This paper proposes a methodology to quantify the safety benefits of an active hood lift system (AHLS) for protecting pedestrians. AHLS works by lifting up the hood of a vehicle to obtain the space to absorb the impact energy before the pedestrian's head hits the hood in pedestrian-vehicle collision. The safety benefit is defined as the number of pedestrian lives saved by the AHLS. Both actual accident data analysis and simulation experiments were conducted to develop a probabilistic pedestrian fatality model based on the head injury criteria (HIC). Then, the fatality model was further applied to estimate the safety benefit. Analysis results revealed that the 95% confidence interval of the number of pedestrian lives saved by the AHLS was between 32.8 and 83.6 pedestrians. It is believed that the proposed methodology could be further applied in evaluating other vehicular technologies for traffic safety. In addition, the outcomes of this study would be effectively utilized in establishing relevant traffic safety policies.
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Extensive research attention has been devoted to the Vehicular Sensor Network (VSN) owing to its great potential in environment monitoring. Still, it is difficult to diminish the broadcast storm and data collisions in vehicular se...
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Extensive research attention has been devoted to the Vehicular Sensor Network (VSN) owing to its great potential in environment monitoring. Still, it is difficult to diminish the broadcast storm and data collisions in vehicular senor environment. Due to improper broadcasting of safety message and transmission of packet at same time from multiple vehicles leads to collision. Our key intention is to overwhelm these shortcomings in VSN. Hence, we propose Novel Segment based Safety message broadcasting in Cluster (NSSC) based VSN. Our NSSC is mainly concentrated in three successive processes that are Cluster Formation, Collision Avoidance and Safety Message Broadcasting. Cluster formation is performed originally to sustain stable vehicular environment. Here, Variant based Clustering (VbC) Scheme is proposed to elect Cluster Head (CH) and to form clusters. CH is selected using Chaotic Crow Search (CCS) algorithm. In accord to mitigate the data collision during transmission between CH and Cluster Member, we propose Adaptive Carrier Sense Multiple Access/Collision Avoidance (Ada-CSMA/CA) protocol. Safety message broadcasting adopts Segment based Forwarder Selection (SFS) scheme which selects optimal forwarder using Fuzzy-Vikor method. In this, optimal forwarder is selected concerning to broadcast safety message which reduces the broadcast storm. In regard to validate the proposed NSSC, we have conducted simulations on Omnet++ and SUMO simulator based Veins framework. The acquired results are auspicious in terms of succeeding metrics reachability, average number of collision, duplicate data packets, latency, packet delivery ration and throughput.
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Vehicular networks have tremendous potential to improve road safety, traffic efficiency, and driving comfort, where cooperative vehicular safety applications are a significant branch. In cooperative vehicular safety applications, ...
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Vehicular networks have tremendous potential to improve road safety, traffic efficiency, and driving comfort, where cooperative vehicular safety applications are a significant branch. In cooperative vehicular safety applications, through the distributed data fusion for large amounts of data from multiple nearby vehicles, each vehicle can intelligently perceive the surrounding conditions beyond the capability of its own onboard sensors. Trust evaluation and privacy preservation are two primary concerns for facilitating the distributed data fusion in cooperative vehicular safety applications. They have conflicting requirements and a good balance between them is urgently needed. Meanwhile, the computation, communication, and storage overheads will all influence the applicability of a candidate scheme. In this paper, we propose a Lightweight Privacy-Preserving Trust Evaluation (LPPTE) scheme which can primely balance the trust evaluation and privacy preservation with low overheads for facilitating the distributed data fusion in cooperative vehicular safety applications. Furthermore, we provide exhaustive theoretical analysis and simulation evaluation for the LPPTE scheme, and the results demonstrate that the LPPTE scheme can obviously improve the accuracy of fusion results and is significantly superior to the state-of-the-art schemes in multiple aspects.
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