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The 1999 Standards for Educational and Psychological Testing defines validity as the degree to which evidence and theory support the interpretations of test scores entailed by proposed uses of tests. Although quite explicit, there...
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The 1999 Standards for Educational and Psychological Testing defines validity as the degree to which evidence and theory support the interpretations of test scores entailed by proposed uses of tests. Although quite explicit, there are ways in which this definition lacks precision, consistency, and clarity. The history of validity has taught us that ambiguity risks oversimplification, misunderstanding, inadequate validation, and the inevitable potential for inappropriate interpretation and use of results. This article identifies ways in which the spirit of the Standards can be clarified, with the intention of reducing these risks. The article provides an elaboration of the consensus definition, invoking a narrow, technical sense of validity, unique to the professions of educational and psychological measurement and assessment; an assessment-based decision-making procedure is valid if the argument for interpreting assessment outcomes (under stated conditions and in terms of stated conclusions) as measures of the attribute entailed by the decision is sufficiently strong.
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Abstract It is important to improve our understanding about what might be the specific characteristics of mental disorders to strengthen the scientific credibility of psychiatry and to clarify its position among other medical and ...
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Abstract It is important to improve our understanding about what might be the specific characteristics of mental disorders to strengthen the scientific credibility of psychiatry and to clarify its position among other medical and nonmedical sciences. On the other hand, this issue has diagnostic, research, therapeutic, legal, financial, and moral implications. Some authors defend a realistic and absolutist attitude towards validity and others an instrumental and relativistic stance. Regarding the organization of concepts, dimensional or categorical approaches have both advantages and disadvantages. Regarding the methodology by which validity is sought, it can be oriented externally or internally to the concept in question. On the other hand, the validity can be expert driven or data driven, the research can be based on disorders or in symptoms and quantitative or qualitative methods may be used. In this article, we review all these different kinds of perspectives that can be taken towards the definition of validity in psychiatry and the methodology to search for it.
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Purpose Statistical equivalence testing is more appropriate than conventional tests of difference to assess the validity of physical activity (PA) measures. This article presents the underlying principles of equivalence testing an...
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Purpose Statistical equivalence testing is more appropriate than conventional tests of difference to assess the validity of physical activity (PA) measures. This article presents the underlying principles of equivalence testing and gives three examples from PA and fitness assessment research.
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Building energy simulation analysis plays an important supporting role in the conservation of building energy. Since the early 1980s, researchers have focused on the development and validation of building energy modeling programs ...
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Building energy simulation analysis plays an important supporting role in the conservation of building energy. Since the early 1980s, researchers have focused on the development and validation of building energy modeling programs (BEMPs) and have basically formed a set of systematic validation methods for BEMPs, mainly including analytical, comparative, and empirical methods. Based on related papers in this field, this study systematically analyzed the application status of validation methods for BEMPs from three aspects, namely, sources of validation cases, comparison parameters, and evaluation indicators. The applicability and characteristics of the three methods in different validation fields and different development stages of BEMPs were summarized. Guidance were proposed for researchers to choose more suitable validation methods and evaluation indicators. In addition, the current development trend of BEMPs and the challenges faced by validation methods were investigated, as well as the existing progress of current validation methods under this trend was analyzed. Subsequently, the development direction of the validation method was clarified.
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The current article enhances the test validation process by addressing important issues with the quantifying construct validity (QCV) procedure. The QCV procedure is intended to help researchers systematically and objectively eval...
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The current article enhances the test validation process by addressing important issues with the quantifying construct validity (QCV) procedure. The QCV procedure is intended to help researchers systematically and objectively evaluate the degree to which a pattern of convergent and discriminant validity correlations correspond to a priori hypotheses. Although the QCV procedure holds promise as a psychometric tool and has enjoyed some use, at least three factors have likely limited the frequency and accuracy of its use-questions regarding its role and utility in test validation, a lack of clarity about its key concepts, and a lack of integration with widely available statistical software. We address these important issues and provide psychometrically grounded recommendations for applying the QCV procedure. This work facilitates the understanding, computation, and useful application of the QCV procedure, and ultimately it is intended to enhance work in test validation.
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Objectives: This study aims to determine the factors associated with absenteeism, presenteeism, and overall work impairment in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Methods: A total of 133 consecutive working patients ...
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Objectives: This study aims to determine the factors associated with absenteeism, presenteeism, and overall work impairment in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Methods: A total of 133 consecutive working patients with SLE were assessed between October 2017 and December 2018, using a standardized data collection form. Sociodemographic, disease, and work-related variables were collected. Work productivity and activity impairment (WPAI) was assessed with the respective questionnaire; absenteeism and presenteeism due to overall health and symptoms during the past 7 days were scored. Linear regression models were performed to determine the factors associated with absenteeism, presenteeism, and overall work impairment. Potential factors included were age at diagnosis, gender, socioeconomic status, educational level, SLEDAI, SLICC/ACR damage index (SDI), FACIT-Fatigue, and the domains of the LupusQoL Results: The mean age at diagnosis was 32.2 years (11.8); 121 (91.7%) were female. Nearly all patients were Mestizo. The mean percent of time for absenteeism was 5.0 (12.9), it was 28.5 (26.4) for presenteeism, and it was 31.3 (27.2) for overall work impairment. In the multiple regression analysis, factors associated with absenteeism were disease duration (B = -0.34; SE = 0.12; p = 0.007), pain (B = -0.14; SE = 0.06; p = 0.046), intimate relationship (B = -0.07; SE = 0.03; p = 0.046), and emotional health (B = 0.16; SE = 0.06; p = 0.006); factors associated with presenteeism were physical health (B = -0.43; SE = 0.14; p = 0.002) and FACIT (B = -0.87; SE = 0.30; p = 0.005); and factors associated with overall work impairment were pain (B = -0.40; SE = 0.11; p = 0.001) and FACIT-Fatigue (B = -0.74; SE = 0.28; p = 0.010). Conclusion: A poor HRQoL and higher levels of fatigue were associated with a higher percentage of absenteeism, presenteeism, and overall work impairment in SLE patients.
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We examined the psychometric properties of the Assessment of Depression Inventory (ADI). This instrument assesses depression and also has validity scales that address response honesty. Three studies were conducted. The first descr...
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We examined the psychometric properties of the Assessment of Depression Inventory (ADI). This instrument assesses depression and also has validity scales that address response honesty. Three studies were conducted. The first describes the development of the ADI. The second compared the concurrent validity of the ADI Depression (Dep) scale with the BDI-II, and the ADI Feigning (Fg) scale responses of psychiatric inpatients with those of a sample of community volunteers asked to feign depression. The third study was used to cross-validate the results with a separate sample of participants. The ADI Dep scale correlated highly with the BDI-II. Significant differences were also found between the honest patient responders and the non-patient feigners on the Fg scale. The data supports the ADI validity scales as measures of response style and the Dep scale as a measure of depression. (C) 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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Measurement validity is important when conducting research. This is as true for sociobehavioral research as for clinical research. Although the importance of validity is not new, its conceptualization has changed substantially in ...
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Measurement validity is important when conducting research. This is as true for sociobehavioral research as for clinical research. Although the importance of validity is not new, its conceptualization has changed substantially in the past few decades. In the literature, there is a lack of consistency in how validity is presented. This may stem from a lack of awareness of the relatively recent changes in conceptualization of validity, the continued use of a historical framework in some educational texts, and/or the continued use of a historical framework in some training programs. This article presents a brief history of the conceptualization of validity including the pro gression from a perspective of related concepts of reliability and validity, to multiple types of validity, to a view of validity as a unitary concept supported by different types of evidence. This article closes by raising some important considerations about promoting use of a contemporary validity framework and associated terminology in current research, as well as in the education of future health-sciences researchers.
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BACKGROUNDThe recently refined Demoralization Scale-II (DS-II) is a 16-item, self-report measure of demoralization. Its 2 factorsMeaning and Purpose and Distress and Coping Abilitydemonstrate sound internal validity, including ite...
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BACKGROUNDThe recently refined Demoralization Scale-II (DS-II) is a 16-item, self-report measure of demoralization. Its 2 factorsMeaning and Purpose and Distress and Coping Abilitydemonstrate sound internal validity, including item fit, unidimensionality, internal consistency, and test-retest reliability. The convergent and discriminant validity of the DS-II with various measures is reported here.
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