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A large number of plant based pharmaceutical excipients are available today. Gums and mucilages are the most commonly available plant ingredients with a wide range of applications in pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. They ar...
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A large number of plant based pharmaceutical excipients are available today. Gums and mucilages are the most commonly available plant ingredients with a wide range of applications in pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. They are being used due to their abundance in nature, safety and economy. They have been extensively explored as pharmaceutical excipients. They are biocompatible, cheap and easily available. Natural materials have advantages over synthetic ones since they are chemically inert, nontoxic, less expensive, biodegradable and widely available. They can also be modified in different ways to obtain tailor-made materials for drug delivery systems and thus can compete with the available synthetic excipients. Recent trend toward the use of plant based and natural products demands the replacement of synthetic additives with natural ones. In this review, we describe the pharmaceutical applications of various natural gums, mucilages and their modified forms for the development of various drug delivery systems.
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A novel plastic poly(vinyl chloride)membrane electrode based on the piroxicam-tungstophosphate ion association as electroactive material for the determination of piroxicam in pure form and in pharmaceutical preparations is develop...
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A novel plastic poly(vinyl chloride)membrane electrode based on the piroxicam-tungstophosphate ion association as electroactive material for the determination of piroxicam in pure form and in pharmaceutical preparations is developed,in which the plasticizer is di-butyl sebacate(DBS).The linear response covers the range of 1x10~3-1x10~6 M drug concentration with a slope of 57.22 mV per decade.The practical pH range is 5-8.Interferences from common cations,alkaloids and drug excipients are reported.The proposed electrode has been successfully applied to determine piroxicam in tablets,injections and suppositories,also content uniformity assay of tablets was monitored.The results are correlated well with those obtained by the PB standard procedure.
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Ever since it was approved by the FDA as a food additive in 1992, gellan, a polyanionic exopolysaccharide from microbial culture, has become a very important polymer for biological applications. The area of its applications has ra...
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Ever since it was approved by the FDA as a food additive in 1992, gellan, a polyanionic exopolysaccharide from microbial culture, has become a very important polymer for biological applications. The area of its applications has rapidly expanded in the pharmaceutical and cosmetic fields, food, medicine, tissue engineering and biotechnology. This paper aims to expand the previous review that presents the use of gellan in the food industry and make an overview of other polysaccharide bioapplications. Considering the interest it has attracted in recent years, the paper details the use of gellan in pharmacy, medicine and tissue engineering. Also, other gellan bioapplications in cosmetics, biotechnology, microbiology are concisely presented.
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Fermentation-based antibiotic production results in abundant nutrient-rich fermentation residue with high potential for recycling, but the high antibiotic residual concentration restricts its usefulness (e.g., in land application ...
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Fermentation-based antibiotic production results in abundant nutrient-rich fermentation residue with high potential for recycling, but the high antibiotic residual concentration restricts its usefulness (e.g., in land application as organic fertilizer). In this study, an industrial-scale hydrothermal facility for the treatment of erythromycin fermentation residue (EFR) was investigated, and the potential risk of the long-term soil application of treated EFR promoting environmental antibiotic resistance development was evaluated. The treatment effectively removed bacteria and their DNA, and an erythromycin removal ratio of up to approximately 98% was achieved. The treated EFR was utilized as organic fertilizer for consecutive field applications from 2018 to 2020, with dosages ranging from 3750 to 15 000?kg?hm ?2 , resulting in sub-inhibitory levels of erythromycin (ranging from 0.83–76.00?μg?kg ?1 ) in soils. Metagenomic shotgun sequencing was then used to characterize the antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), mobile genetic elements (MGEs), and bacterial community composition of the soils. The soil ARG abundance and diversity did not respond to the treated EFR application in the first year, but gradually changed in the second and third year of application. The highest fold change in relative abundance of macrolide–lincosamide–streptogramin (MLS) and total ARGs were 12.59 and 2.75 times, compared with the control (CK; without application), respectively. The soil MGEs and taxonomic composition showed similar temporal trends to those of the ARGs, and appeared to assist in driving increasing ARG proliferation, as revealed by correlation analysis and structural equation models (SEMs). The relative abundance of particular erm resistance genes (RNA methyltransferase genes) increased significantly in the third year of treated EFR application. The close association of erm with MGEs suggested that horizontal gene transfer played a critical role in the observed erm gene enrichment. Metagenomic binning results demonstrated that the proliferation of mac gene-carrying hosts was responsible for the increased abundance of mac genes (efflux pump genes). This study shows that sub-inhibitory levels of erythromycin in soils had a cumulative effect on soil ARGs over time and emphasizes the importance of long-term monitoring for assessing the risk of soil amendment with treated industrial waste.
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? RJPT All right reserved.This class of compounds, which is known as Hydrazide has great significance in organic chemistry. This is the reason why methods of preparation of different types of compounds that are useful in many fiel...
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? RJPT All right reserved.This class of compounds, which is known as Hydrazide has great significance in organic chemistry. This is the reason why methods of preparation of different types of compounds that are useful in many fields are studied here. It is characterized by containing an active group, which is (-CONHNH2), which consists of two nitrogen atoms attached to four substitutes, and at least one of these substitutes must be an (acyl) or (aryl) group. It is known that these compounds have very important medical, pharmaceutical and industrial functions and applications. Some of them have been employed in the treatment of many common and dangerous diseases, such as respiratory diseases and malaria. In addition, they are highly useful in preparing some important drugs used in the treatment of some chronic diseases related to blood vessels and muscle spasms, showing a wide variety of biological activities, including antibacterial, mitigating, anticonvulsant, antiviral, and antiprotozoal activity. Moreover, they may be used as raw materials in preparing many classes of heterocyclic compounds, including oxadiazole and diazole compounds. Finally, they show significance in industrial applications, particularly in the manufacture of dyes, agricultural pesticides, and growth stimulants for plants and Agricultural crops.
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Citric acid is an essential ingredient for the manufacture of (12) key industrial chemicals. Citric acid use is increasing steadily with a high annual growth rate as a result of the development of ever more sophisticated applicati...
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Citric acid is an essential ingredient for the manufacture of (12) key industrial chemicals. Citric acid use is increasing steadily with a high annual growth rate as a result of the development of ever more sophisticated applications. Citric acid is widely utilized in the food and pharmaceutical industries due to its low toxicity when compared to other acidulous. Other uses for citric acid can be found in cleaning supplies and detergents. Based on information from a review of the literature, Citric acid production substrates and methods for surface fermentation, submerged fermentation, solid-state fermentation, and international market expansion are all covered in the current review study. Finally, there is still much to learn about the circumstances of the production of citric acid from raw materials, microorganisms, and fermentation techniques to achieve the best production in terms of cost and quality.
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Psychrophiles are cold-living microorganisms synthesizing enzymes that are permanently active at almost near-zero temperatures. Psychrozymes are supposed to be structurally more flexible than their homologous proteins. This struct...
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Psychrophiles are cold-living microorganisms synthesizing enzymes that are permanently active at almost near-zero temperatures. Psychrozymes are supposed to be structurally more flexible than their homologous proteins. This structural flexibility enables these proteins to undergo conformational changes during catalysis and improve catalytic efficiency at low temperatures. The outstanding characteristics of the psychrophilic enzymes have attracted the attention of the scientific community to utilize them in a wide variety of industrial and pharmaceutical applications. In this review, we first highlight the current knowledge of the cold-adaptation mechanisms of the psychrophiles. In the sequel, we describe the potential applications of the enzymes in different biotechnological processes specifically, in the production of industrial and pharmaceutical products.
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Curdlan is an exopolysaccharide,specifically a homopolysaccharide,with a high molecular weight that is made up entirely of monomeric glucose molecules connected by P-l,3-glycosidic bonds.Curdlan was first isolated in 1962 by Harad...
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Curdlan is an exopolysaccharide,specifically a homopolysaccharide,with a high molecular weight that is made up entirely of monomeric glucose molecules connected by P-l,3-glycosidic bonds.Curdlan was first isolated in 1962 by Harada and his colleagues from Alcaligenes faecalis var myxogenes 10C3.Microbial synthesis of this curdlan is mainly associated with soil bacteria.Preliminary screening of curdlan-producing microorganisms is done on aniline blue media.The aniline blue positive microorganisms are subjected to submerged fermentation for the production of curdlan.To improve the yield of curdlan produced,various optimization techniques are employed such as Plackett-Burman,response surface methodology,and others.Curdlan can be characterized by its morphology,gel strength,its infrared,and magnetic resonances among many other characteristics.Due to its distinctive physicochemical and rheological properties,it has gained immense popularity in the food,biomedical,and pharmaceutical sectors.However,curdlan's functionality can be improved by chemically modifying curdlan to obtain grafted curdlan,hydrogels,and nanocomposites which are discussed in detail herewith.Curdlan was authorized to be used in the food industry by the United States Food and Drug Administration in 1996 and also in 1989 in Taiwan,Japan,and Korea.Over the years,many patents using curdlan have also been filed from different parts of the world.This review provides information about its structure,biosynthesis,production strategies,optimization,characterization,applications,and patents.
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Three-dimensional (3D) printing has recently appeared as one of the most promising additive manufacturing techniques to fabricate 3D objects, with uses spanning from engineering prototyping to medicines and cell-laden models for b...
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Three-dimensional (3D) printing has recently appeared as one of the most promising additive manufacturing techniques to fabricate 3D objects, with uses spanning from engineering prototyping to medicines and cell-laden models for biomedical applications. Regardless of the type and underlying theory, 3D printing techniques involve the deposition of materials such as thermoplastic polymers or hydrogel in sequential layers one onto another to produce a 3D object. 3D printing has recently gained momentum in developing various drug delivery systems for pharmaceutical applications which is reflected by the exponential rise in the number of published papers and patents in recent years. Whilst the future of 3D printing techniques is bright, various obstacles need to be overcome before it can be applied practically in commercial-scale production. This review article discusses current approaches of altering drug delivery when manufacturing 3D printed dosage forms that vary in their drug release profiles and characteristics. Such achievements correspond to developing and delivering patient-specific treatments. With each type of 3D printing application, there are great benefits, and these are highlighted, however, a critical discussion will underline the limitations and challenges associated with 3D printing.
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Succinic acid is an essential base ingredient for manufacturing various industrial chemicals. Succinic acid has beenacknowledged as one of the most significant bio based building block chemicals. Rapid demand for succinic acid has...
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Succinic acid is an essential base ingredient for manufacturing various industrial chemicals. Succinic acid has beenacknowledged as one of the most significant bio based building block chemicals. Rapid demand for succinic acid hasbeen noticed in the last 10 years. The production methods and mechanisms developed. Hence, these techniques andoperations need to be revised. Recently, an omnibus rule for developing succinic acid is to find renewable carbohydrateFeedstocks. The sustainability of the resource is crucial to disintegrate the massive use of petroleum based-production.Accordingly, systematically reviewing the latest findings of bacterial production and related fermentation methods iscritical. Therefore, this paper aims to study the latest research and assess the findings statistically comprehensively. Thecurrent review attempt is a step toward comprehending all the conditions surrounding succinic acid production fromraw materials, microorganisms, and fermentation methods.
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