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Networking can be considered the organizational support to the learning process. The paper defines a new coordination process of the division of labour between autonomous actors and organizations, beyond the market and the hierarc...
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Networking can be considered the organizational support to the learning process. The paper defines a new coordination process of the division of labour between autonomous actors and organizations, beyond the market and the hierarchical processes. Networking by means of “interactive communication” is becoming increasingly the typical organizational process in post-fordism which allows new, far-reaching, opportunities in the division of cognitive labour. The discussion of the process of exploration and exploitation of knowledge is based on two analytical dimensions: (a) the types of knowledge shared by organizations and (b) the types of roles played by different actor networks. The analytical framework shows how different specialized actors and organizations, with different tasks, are complementary as regards the effectiveness of the networking (specialists, systemists, connectors and meta-organizers). The empirical evidence – concerning the evolution of the industrial districts of the North–East of Italy towards the network form – seems to support the conceptual approach adopted.
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This study explores the evolving structure of the rising field of "network of networks" (NoN). Reviewing publications dating back to 1931, we describe the evolution of major NoN research themes in different scientific disciplines ...
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This study explores the evolving structure of the rising field of "network of networks" (NoN). Reviewing publications dating back to 1931, we describe the evolution of major NoN research themes in different scientific disciplines and the gradual emergence of an integrated field. We analyse the co-occurrence networks of keywords used in all 7818 scientific publications in Scopus database that mention NoN and other related terms (i.e., "interconnected networks", "multilayer networks", "multiplex networks", "interdependent networks", "multinetworks", "multilevel networks", and "multidimensional networks"). The results show that the NoN began to form as a field mainly in the 1990s around research on neural networks. Diverse aspects of NoN research, indicated by dominant keywords such as "interconnection", "multilayer", and "interdependence", gradually spread to computer and physical sciences. As of 2018, network interdependence - with its application in network resilience and prevention of cascading failure - seems to be one of the key topics attracting broad academic attention. Another noteworthy observation is the emergence of a distinct cluster of terms relevant to nanoscience and nanotechnology. It is envisaged from the analysis that NoN concepts will develop stronger ties with nanoscience with increasing understanding and data acquisition from the molecular, atomic, and subatomic levels. (C) 2021 Published by Elsevier B.V.
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Over the past two decades, economists have made significant advances in understanding how networks affect individual behaviour and shape aggregate outcomes. We argue that insights from network economics can play an important role ...
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Over the past two decades, economists have made significant advances in understanding how networks affect individual behaviour and shape aggregate outcomes. We argue that insights from network economics can play an important role in the design of economic policy. Focusing on six policy domains, we show that network economics not only deepens our understanding of existing policy concerns but also suggests a number of new policy questions. In each of these policy areas, we evaluate the availability of data and assess the suitability of the network economics toolkit for policy work. We conclude with a discussion of challenges to the adoption of network-based methods in economic policy along with strategies to overcome them.
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The Core Optical Networks (CORONET) program addresses the development of architectures, protocols, and network control and management to support the future advanced requirements of both commercial and government networks, with a f...
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The Core Optical Networks (CORONET) program addresses the development of architectures, protocols, and network control and management to support the future advanced requirements of both commercial and government networks, with a focus on highly dynamic and highly resilient multi-terabit core networks. CORONET encompasses a global network supporting a combination of IP and wavelength services. Satisfying the aggressive requirements of the program required a comprehensive approach addressing connection setup, restoration, quality of service, network design, and nodal architecture. This paper addresses the major innovations developed in Phase 1 of the program by the team led by Telcordia and AT&T. The ultimate goal is to transfer the technology to commercial and government networks for deployment in the next few years.
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The Core Optical Networks (CORONET) program addresses the development of architectures, protocols, and network control and management to support the future advanced requirements of both commercial and government networks, with a f...
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The Core Optical Networks (CORONET) program addresses the development of architectures, protocols, and network control and management to support the future advanced requirements of both commercial and government networks, with a focus on highly dynamic and highly resilient multi-terabit core networks. A key innovation of CORONET is the three-way handshake (3WHS) protocol for fast setup of optical connections in support of wavelength services in a single domain. Our initial 3WHS description was based on a single-carrier network. We have extended the 3WHS to networks partitioned into multiple carrier domains for which domain confidentiality must be preserved. We present analysis and simulation results demonstrating the performance of 3WHS in the multiple carrier domain scenario. The protocol has been shown to support approximately 30% more traffic by probing multiple intradomain paths in our simulated three-carrier example.
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In network on chips (NoCs) design, reconfiguration of NoC is a very effective option for minimizing power consumption, and Gaussian networks can provide significant advantage over the mesh networks in terms of network diameter, av...
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In network on chips (NoCs) design, reconfiguration of NoC is a very effective option for minimizing power consumption, and Gaussian networks can provide significant advantage over the mesh networks in terms of network diameter, average hop distance and so on. In this paper, based on the special topology structure and the static connection rules within Gaussian networks, we present the reconfiguration representation for Gaussian networks and the nature of reconfigurable Gaussian networks. Furthermore, reconfigurable rules of Gaussian networks are proposed to design the constraints for automatic reconfiguration of NoC.
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This paper introudces the imporant role of networks of interfirm ties in examining fundamental issues in strategy research. Prior research has primarily viewed firms as autojnomous entities striving for competitive advantage from ...
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This paper introudces the imporant role of networks of interfirm ties in examining fundamental issues in strategy research. Prior research has primarily viewed firms as autojnomous entities striving for competitive advantage from either external industry sources or from internal resources and capabilties. However, the networks of relationships in which firms are embedded profoundly infleunce their conduct and performance. We identify ive key areas of straegy research in which there is potential for incorporating strategic networks: (1) industry structure, (2) positioning within an industry, (3) inimitable firm resources and capabilities, (4) contracting and coordination costs, and (5) dynamic network constraints and benefits. For each of these issues, the paper outlines some important insights that results from consdiering the role of strategic networks.
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Mesh networks are a potential solution for providing communication infrastructure in an emergency. They can be rapidly deployed by first responders in the wake of a major disaster to augment an existing wireless or wired network. ...
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Mesh networks are a potential solution for providing communication infrastructure in an emergency. They can be rapidly deployed by first responders in the wake of a major disaster to augment an existing wireless or wired network. We imagine a mesh node with multiple radios embedded in each emergency vehicle arriving at the site to form the backbone of a mobile wireless mesh. The ability of such a mesh network to monitor itself, diagnose faults and anticipate problems are essential features for its sustainable operation. Typical SNMP-based centralized solutions introduce a single point of failure and are unsuitable for managing such a network. Mesh-Mon is a decentralized monitoring and management system designed for such a mobile, rapidly deployed, unplanned mesh network and works independently of the underlying mesh routing protocol. Mesh-Mon nodes are designed to actively cooperate and use localized algorithms to predict, detect, diagnose and resolve network problems in a scalable manner. Mesh-Mon is independent of the underlying routing protocol and can operate even if the mesh routing protocol completely fails. One novel aspect of our approach is that we employ mobile users of the mesh, running software called Mesh-Mon-Ami, to ferry management packets between physically-disconnected partitions in a delay-tolerant-network manner. The main contributions of this paper are the design, implementation and evaluation of a comprehensive monitoring and management architecture that helps a network administrator proactively identify, diagnose and resolve a range of issues that can occur in a dynamic mesh network. In experiments on Dart-Mesh, our 16-node indoor mesh testbed, we found Mesh-Mon to be effective in quickly diagnosing and resolving a variety of problems with high accuracy, without adding significant management overhead.
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PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine network failures and the main reasons why network organizations, intentionally developed by a group of actors to pursue specific goals, become unfruitful and fail in their goals and e...
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PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine network failures and the main reasons why network organizations, intentionally developed by a group of actors to pursue specific goals, become unfruitful and fail in their goals and expectations of creating collective value. The goal of this paper is thus to contribute a better understanding of the reasons network organizations encounter problems in their dynamics that prevent them from reaching the expected outcomes.Design/methodology/approachThe study is firstly based on a literature review finalized to identify the main variables considered as potentially impacting on network failures. Secondly, the paper is based on a survey conducted on 189 strategic networks that highlighted difficulties in achieving their goals. An analysis of the 24 questionnaires returned generated the results discussed. The empirical study concerns strategic networks intentionally created and signed by Italian SMEs according to a specific law designed to promote the development of inter-firm cooperation ("network contracts").FindingsThe results of the research highlight the role of specific key items related to individual, structural, legitimacy, interaction and governance variables in explaining failures in network organizations. According to the data, failure can occur immediately before the network start-up, resulting in a blocked network or in a subsequent developmental stage, resulting in a dormant network. The empirical research demonstrated that the items affecting network failure differ between blocked and dormant networks. The authors explain such differences, considering them according to the expected goals declared by the two different types of networks.Originality/valueThe question of why networks fail is relevant in times of disruption and digitalization when new forms of organization are needed to link businesses and various stakeholders and thereby develop innovative and sustainable ideas for an entrepreneurial future. However, very few studies have examined network failure. The study contributes to this field of research by investigating the dynamics of networks intentionally developed to reach shared goals. The findings can be useful to both companies that decide to start up a strategic network and the policymakers that promote, finance and monitor inter-firm collaboration.
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