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Purpose of the Review In this review, we will discuss the basic fundamentals of how to perform molecular imaging to better understand the underlying mechanisms contributing to cardiovascular disease. Report Findings Molecular imag...
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Purpose of the Review In this review, we will discuss the basic fundamentals of how to perform molecular imaging to better understand the underlying mechanisms contributing to cardiovascular disease. Report Findings Molecular imaging combines molecular biology with in vivo imaging. Molecular probes are used to target discrete biological processes such as cell death, inflammation, and angiogenesis. These probes emit signals that are detected by traditional imaging systems. Because the same disease processes can manifest in individuals in different ways, molecular imaging may emerge as an important strategy for delivering precision medicine. Summary Molecular imaging is a powerful tool that may help physicians provide more personalized care in the near future.
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Fluorescence-guided surgery (FGS) and other interventions are rapidly evolving as a class of technologically driven interventional approaches in which many surgical specialties visualize fluorescent molecular tracers or biomarkers...
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Fluorescence-guided surgery (FGS) and other interventions are rapidly evolving as a class of technologically driven interventional approaches in which many surgical specialties visualize fluorescent molecular tracers or biomarkers through associated cameras or oculars to guide clinical decisions on pathological lesion detection and excision/ablation. The technology has been commercialized for some specific applications, but also presents technical challenges unique to optical imaging that could confound the utility of some interventional procedures where real-time decisions must be made. Accordingly, the AAPM has initiated the publication of this Blue Paper of The Emerging Technology Working Group (TETAWG) and the creation of a Task Group from the Therapy Physics Committee within the Treatment Delivery Subcommittee. In describing the relevant issues, this document outlines the key parameters, stakeholders, impacts, and outcomes of clinical FGS technology and its applications. The presentation is not intended to be conclusive, but rather to inform the field of medical physics and stimulate the discussions needed in the field with respect to a seemingly low-risk imaging technology that has high potential for significant therapeutic impact. This AAPM Task Group is working toward consensus around guidelines and standards for advancing the field safely and effectively. (c) 2018 American Association of Physicists in Medicine
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The Managers of Molecular Imaging Laboratories (MOMIL) interest group in the World Molecular Imaging Society provides a forum for exchanging information between researchers who manage molecular imaging laboratories and institution...
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The Managers of Molecular Imaging Laboratories (MOMIL) interest group in the World Molecular Imaging Society provides a forum for exchanging information between researchers who manage molecular imaging laboratories and institutional core facilities. This information exchange includes operational procedures for acquiring and analyzing imaging results, including considerations for quality assurance and quality control, and animal handling and care for imaging studies. MOMIL also exchanges administrative policies, interactions with collaborators and clients, and industry relations. In addition to this comprehensive review of MOMIL, more information is available at http://www.wmis.org/.
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The presence of inflammatory cells is a hallmark of unstable atherosclerotic plaques. Several imaging approaches have been developed for the noninvasive detection of inflammatory activities in atherosclerotic plaques. Positron emi...
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The presence of inflammatory cells is a hallmark of unstable atherosclerotic plaques. Several imaging approaches have been developed for the noninvasive detection of inflammatory activities in atherosclerotic plaques. Positron emission tomography (PET) imaging with the injection of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) is currently the most widely used imaging technique to evaluate the density of activated macrophages in atherosclerotic plaques. Nevertheless, FDG-PET imaging has logistical and technical constraints that represent an important obstacle to the wider use of this approach for the evaluation of patients with atherosclerosis. In a similar way as in the oncological field, the balance between the benefits and costs of new drugs need to be improved in patients with cardiovascular diseases. PET imaging of plaque inflammation might represent a very useful tool to identify patients who could benefit the most from anti-inflammatory treatments and to exclude patients with other causes of inflammation who are the most likely to develop severe side effects under these drugs. The availability of radiotracers targeting more specifically inflammation in atherosclerotic plaques would greatly facilitate the logistic organization of this imaging and help to expand the use of PET for the evaluation of atherosclerotic patients.
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Molecular magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) combines chemistry,
chemical biology, and imaging techniques to track molecular events
non-invasively. Quantitative molecular MRI aims to provide meaningful,
reproducible numerical mea...
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Molecular magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) combines chemistry,
chemical biology, and imaging techniques to track molecular events
non-invasively. Quantitative molecular MRI aims to provide meaningful,
reproducible numerical measurements of molecular processes or biochemical
targets within the body. In this review, the classifications of molecular
MRI probes based on their signal-generating mechanism and functionality
are first described. From there, the primary considerations for in vitro
characterization and in vivo validation of molecular MRI probes, including
how to avoid pitfalls and biases are discussed. Then, recommendations on
imaging acquisition protocols and analysis methods to establish quantitative
relationships between MRI signal change induced by the probes and the
molecular processes of interest are provided. Finally, several representative
case studies are highlighted that incorporate these features. Quantitative
molecular MRI is a multidisciplinary research area incorporating expertise
in chemical biology, inorganic chemistry, molecular probes, imaging physics,
drug development, pathobiology, and medicine. The purpose of this review is
to provide guidance to chemists developing MR imaging probes and methods
in terms of in vitro and in vivo validation to accelerate the translation of
these new quantitative tools for non-invasive imaging of biological processes.
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The relationship between extent of primary brain tumor resection and patient outcome is an area of intense interest. Complete resection of brain tumors is frequ.
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Thoracic imaging plays an essential role in understanding and diagnosing chest disease. It has traditionally relied on conventional anatomic and morphologic imaging, but as technology evolves, novel diagnostic strategies have the ...
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Thoracic imaging plays an essential role in understanding and diagnosing chest disease. It has traditionally relied on conventional anatomic and morphologic imaging, but as technology evolves, novel diagnostic strategies have the potential to improve accuracy. This includes incorporation of biomarkers, which are an objective measure of a biological or pathological process. Biomarkers can be used in multiple different scenarios, and may complement current imaging studies, particularly in establishing a diagnosis, determining prognosis or predicting response to therapy. However, it is important to develop and validate clinically relevant biomarkers. This is a complex, multidisciplinary subject that requires knowledge of the clinical problem, an understanding of the technology and pathology, and significant resources. Ultimately, integration of biomarkers into patient evaluation must be cost effective and improve outcomes. This article will describe the potential roles and limitations of biomarkers in thoracic diseases.
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Integrin alpha v beta 6 is widely upregulated in variant malignant cancers but is undetectable in normal organs, making it a promising target for cancer diagnostic imaging and therapy. Using streptavidin-biotin chemistry, we synth...
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Integrin alpha v beta 6 is widely upregulated in variant malignant cancers but is undetectable in normal organs, making it a promising target for cancer diagnostic imaging and therapy. Using streptavidin-biotin chemistry, we synthesized an integrin alpha v beta 6-targeted near-infrared phthalocyanine dye-labeled agent, termed Dye-SA-B-HK, and investigated whether it could be used for cancer imaging, optical imaging-guided surgery, and phototherapy in pancreatic cancer mouse models. Dye-SA-B-HK specifically bound to integrin alpha v beta 6 in vitro and in vivo with high receptor binding affinity. Using small-animal optical imaging, we detected subcutaneous and orthotopic BxPC-3 human pancreatic cancer xenografts in vivo. Upon optical image-guidance, the orthotopically growing pancreatic cancer lesions could be successfully removed by surgery. Using light irradiation, Dye-SA-B-HK manifested remarkable antitumor effects both in vitro and in vivo. F-18-FDG positron emission tomography (PET) imaging and ex vivo fluorescence staining validated the observed decrease in proliferation of treated tumors by Dye-DA-B-HK phototherapy. Tissue microarray results revealed overexpression of integrin alpha v beta 6 in over 95% cases of human pancreatic cancer, indicating that theranostic application of Dye-DA-B-HK has clear translational potential. Overall, the results of this study demonstrated that integrin alpha v beta 6-specific Dye-SA-B-HK is a promising theranostic agent for the management of pancreatic cancer. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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Molecular imaging is one of the hot-button areas within
medical imaging. (See the related article, Medical
Imaging: Just What the Doctor (and the Researcher)
Ordered, by Leslie Mertz, in this issue [4].) This
technology em...
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Molecular imaging is one of the hot-button areas within
medical imaging. (See the related article, Medical
Imaging: Just What the Doctor (and the Researcher)
Ordered, by Leslie Mertz, in this issue [4].) This
technology employs imaging techniques in concert
with molecular probes, or biomarkers, that together
noninvasively spy on cellular function and molecular processes.
In some cases, this technology may be able to detect the very earliest
stages of diseases and eliminate them on the spot.
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