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This paper examines the current status of standardization efforts concerning mobile agent technology and presents five Java-based mobile agent platforms. Standards directly relating to mobile agent technology are presented first, ...
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This paper examines the current status of standardization efforts concerning mobile agent technology and presents five Java-based mobile agent platforms. Standards directly relating to mobile agent technology are presented first, followed by an overview of other standardization efforts that while not directly relating to mobile agent technology, can still contribute significantly to its success. This is followed by a detailed presentation of five Java-based mobile agent platforms. The description of each platform examines its communication mechanisms, its architecture and the services that it offers to a developer. The presentation of the platforms ends with a comparative overview of their features accompanied by a brief presentation of some performance results. The paper concludes with some general remarks on the future of this technology.
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Agents are applicable to many computing areas like distributed systems because of their autonomy and mobility factors. Reliable and efficient communication between agents in a mobile agent system is a challenging task. To deliver ...
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Agents are applicable to many computing areas like distributed systems because of their autonomy and mobility factors. Reliable and efficient communication between agents in a mobile agent system is a challenging task. To deliver the messages efficiently and reliably, mobile agent communication schemes generally have two phases. The first phase is agent tracking phase which deals with locating the agent current location. Second phase deals with the delivery of message to the agent at its current location. The existing approaches suffer from high communication overhead or problems such as message chase problem, triangle problem, or delayed delivery of messages. Approaches such as I-update deliver the message very efficiently without any overhead in message delivery phase but increase the memory and network overhead in agent tracking phase. In this paper, we present a novel approach that minimizes message delivery delay while maintaining a balance between the costs of agent tracking phase and message delivery phase. Our approach enhances the home agency scheme by maintaining track of agent migrations and costs of message delivery through different channels at the home agency. This approach allows the home agency to send the message to an agent via optimal transmission cost path, which minimizes message delivery delay and reduces the probability of occurrence of message chase problem.
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Recently, as more and more mobile devices embedded with intelligent software become part of our daily lives, Open Services Gateway initiative (OSGi) has gained increasing attention in the development of services for such devices. ...
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Recently, as more and more mobile devices embedded with intelligent software become part of our daily lives, Open Services Gateway initiative (OSGi) has gained increasing attention in the development of services for such devices. However, services residing in OSGi platforms are devised specifically for the platforms' local bundles. Although several works have enhanced OSGi with various communication mechanisms that enable remote service invocations, two crucial issues pertaining to mobile computing remain to be addressed: One is limited resources of mobile devices, and the other is unstable links experienced with mobile devices. To address these two issues, we propose an itinerary-based mobile agent approach with four major features: To implement mobile agents as OSGi bundles to deliver distributed OSGi services with lower resource consumption; to extend WSDL and WS-BPEL to help developers design mobile agent itineraries; to provide an opportunistic service matchmaking mechanism allowing mobile agents to adapt to context changes at runtime; and to devise asynchronous communication mechanism to enable reliable mobile agent transmissions among mobile devices with dynamic IP addresses and intermittent connection to the Internet. Through experimental evaluations, we demonstrate that both network traffic and turnaround time of our approach are better than those of client-server ones.
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There are increasing numbers of systems and research projects involving software agents and mobile agents. However, there is no reference model or conceptual framework to compare the result- ing systems. In this paper, we propose ...
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There are increasing numbers of systems and research projects involving software agents and mobile agents. However, there is no reference model or conceptual framework to compare the result- ing systems. In this paper, we propose a reference model to identify, classify and evaluate mobile agent systems having a significant set of non-trivial architectural issues and technical and functional features in order to support agent-based applications.
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This article presents the research work that exploits using XML (Extensible Markup Language) to represent different types of information in mobile agent systems, including agent communication messages, mobile agent messages, and o...
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This article presents the research work that exploits using XML (Extensible Markup Language) to represent different types of information in mobile agent systems, including agent communication messages, mobile agent messages, and other system information. The goal of the research is to build a programmable information base in mobile agent systems through XML representations. The research not only studies using XML in binary agent system space such as representing agent communication messages and mobile agent messages, but also explores interpretive XML data processing to avoid the need of an interface layer between script mobile agents and system data represented in XML. These XML-based information representations have been implemented in Mobile-C, a FIPA (The Foundation for Intelligent Physical Agents) compliant mobile agent platform. Mobile-C uses FIPA ACL (Agent Communication Language) messages for both inter-agent communication and inter-platform migration. Using FIPA ACL messages for agent migration in FIPA compliant agent systems simplifies agent platform, reduces development effort, and easily achieves inter-platform migration through well-designed communication mechanisms provided in the system. The ability of interpretive XML data processing allows mobile agents in Mobile-C directly accessing XML data information without the need of an extra interface layer.
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Two significant performance factors in Mobile Agent Planning (MAP) for distributed information retrieval are the number of mobile agents and the total execution time. Using fewer mobile agents results in less network traffic and c...
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Two significant performance factors in Mobile Agent Planning (MAP) for distributed information retrieval are the number of mobile agents and the total execution time. Using fewer mobile agents results in less network traffic and consumes less bandwidth. Regardless of the number of agents used, the total execution time for a task must be kept to a minimum. A retrieval service must minimize both these factors for better system performance, and at the same time, it must be able to supply the required information to users as quickly as possible. In this paper, we propose heuristic algorithms, called Cost-Effective MAP (CEMAP), to minimize both the number of mobile agents and the total execution time under the condition that the turnaround time is kept to a minimum. Although these algorithms tend to slightly increase the planning cost, a simulation study shows that these algorithms enhance the system performance significantly. By adopting these algorithms, systems can maintain lower network traffic while satisfying the minimum turnaround time.
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Mobile agent development is mainly supported by Java-bused platforms and tools. However, the weak mobility model they use, the lack of adequate support for developing inference and reasoning mechanisms, added to the inherent compl...
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Mobile agent development is mainly supported by Java-bused platforms and tools. However, the weak mobility model they use, the lack of adequate support for developing inference and reasoning mechanisms, added to the inherent complexity of building location-aware software, impose strong limitations for developing mobile intelligent agent systems. In this article we present MoviLog, a platform for building Prolog-based mobile agents with a strong mobility model. MoviLog is an extension of JuvaLog, an integration of Java and Prolog, that allows us to take advantage of the best features of the programming paradigms they represent. MoviLog agents, called Brainlets, are able to migrate among different Web sites, either proactively or reactively, to use the available knowledge in order to find a solution. The major contribution of MoviLog is its Reactive Mobility by Failure (RMF) mechanism. RMF is a mechanism that acts when an agent needs a resource or service that is not available at the current executing site. RMF uses a distributed multi-agent system to transparently transport the executing agent to the site where the resource/service is available, thus reducing the development effort with respect to the traditional mobile agent approach, while maintaining its advantages.
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Mobile agent technology is an emerging paradigm in distributed computing environment and it holds a potential status in the relevant research field due to its unique capabilities like flexibility, dynamic customization and robust ...
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Mobile agent technology is an emerging paradigm in distributed computing environment and it holds a potential status in the relevant research field due to its unique capabilities like flexibility, dynamic customization and robust interaction in unreliable networks. But the limited security perspectives and shortfalls of the mobile agent environments degrade its usage in a variety of application domains. Even though some of the protection models are available for protecting the environments, they are not efficient in handling the security issues. To make the mobile agent environment secure, this paper proposed advanced models to improve the efficiency of the existing Malicious Identification Police model for scanning the incoming agent to detect the malicious activities and to overcome the availability of vulnerabilities in the existing Root Canal algorithm for code integrity checks. The MIP model is extended with the policy to differentiate the agent owners in the distributed environment and the Root Canal algorithm is improved as extended Root Canal algorithm. The experimental results of the advanced models show that though these mechanisms take more time complexity than the existing malicious identification police model and Root Canal model, these models are efficient in protecting the agent code integrity and scanning the agent for malicious activities. Also the new models possess less time complexity compared to the other related existing models in the secure mobile agent environment.
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Mobile software agents represent an ideal mechanism for dealing with information overload and disconnected computing. Currently, however, they are not integrated into the existing web infrastructure and therefore no websites are a...
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Mobile software agents represent an ideal mechanism for dealing with information overload and disconnected computing. Currently, however, they are not integrated into the existing web infrastructure and therefore no websites are agent-enabled. Two main reasons why operators are unwilling to let agents run on their websites: (1) lack of business incentives and (2) security issues. In this paper we discuss the design and implementation of the Havana agent platform that addresses the above issues, and can be seamlessly integrated into the existing web infrastructure.
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Agent technology is emerging as an important concept for the development of distributed complex systems. A number of mobile agent systems have been developed in the last decade. However, most of them were developed to support only...
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Agent technology is emerging as an important concept for the development of distributed complex systems. A number of mobile agent systems have been developed in the last decade. However, most of them were developed to support only Java mobile agents. In order to provide distributed applications with code mobility, this article presents a library, the Mobile-C library, that allows a mobile agent platform, Mobile-C, to be embeddable in an application to support mobile C/C++ codes carried by mobile agents. Mobile-C uses a C/C++ interpreter as its Agent Execution Engine (AEE). Through the Mobile-C library, Mobile-C can be embedded into an application to support mobile C/C++ codes carried by mobile agents. Using mobile C/C++ codes, it is easy to interface a variety of low-level hardware devices and legacy systems. Through the Mobile-C library, Mobile-C can run on heterogeneous platforms with various operating systems. The Mobile-C library has a small footprint to meet the stringent memory capacity for applications in mech-atronic and embedded systems. The Mobile-C library contains different categories of Application Programming Interfaces (APIs) in both binary and agent spaces to facilitate the design of mobile agent based applications. In addition, a rich set of existing APIs for the C/C++ interpreter employed as the AEE allows an application to have complete information and control over the mobile C/C++ codes residing in Mobile-C. With the synchronization mechanism provided by the Mobile-C library for both binary and agent spaces, simultaneous processes across both spaces can be coordinated to get correct runtime order and avoid unexpected race condition. The study of performance comparisons indicates that Mobile-C is about two times faster than JADE in agent migration. The application of the Mobile-C library is illustrated by dynamic runtime control of a mobile robot's behavior using mobile agents.
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