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It is very useful for otolaryngologists to diagnose and cure patients based on digital iamges and iamge databases. Even if in the private clinic of otolaryngology, graphical images and digital images help doctors about the explana...
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It is very useful for otolaryngologists to diagnose and cure patients based on digital iamges and iamge databases. Even if in the private clinic of otolaryngology, graphical images and digital images help doctors about the explanation of diseases and treatment of patients. The author introduces the structure and suefulness of an image database system in a small private clinic. This system consists of personal computers for iamge capture, computed radiography, high-speed film digitizer and high-end CCD camera attached endoscopes. Most of graphic images are endoscopic findings of the tympanic membrane (TM) of acute otitis media (AOM) in children, and most of digital iamges are iamges of computed radiography and scanned images of CT or MRI films. It is hard to understand the AOM in children, especially in babies, for their gardians. In these cases, an image dataqbase shows the changes of TM findings under time courses on the computer monitor.
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Transform image processing methods are methods that work in domains of image transforms, such as discrete fourier, discrete cosine, wavelet and alike. They are the basic tools in image compression, image restoration, image resampl...
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Transform image processing methods are methods that work in domains of image transforms, such as discrete fourier, discrete cosine, wavelet and alike. They are the basic tools in image compression, image restoration, image resampling and geometrical transformations and can be traced back to the early 1970s. The paper presents a review of these methods with emphasis on their comparison and relationships, from the very first steps of transform image compression methods to adaptive and local adaptive transform domain filters for image restoration, to methods of precise image resampling and image reconstruction from sparse samples and up to the 'compressive sensing' approach that has gained popularity in the last few years. The review has a tutorial character and purpose.
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During the last decades, cultural heritage collections have been digitized, for example, for the use of academic scholars. However, earlier studies have mainly focused on the use of textual materials. Thus, little is known about h...
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During the last decades, cultural heritage collections have been digitized, for example, for the use of academic scholars. However, earlier studies have mainly focused on the use of textual materials. Thus, little is known about how digitized photographs are used and searched in digital humanities. The aim of this paper is to investigate the applied search tactics and perceived barriers when looking for historical photographs from a digital image archive for research and writing tasks. The case archive of this study contains approximately 160,000 historical wartime photographs that are openly available. The study is based on a qualitative interview and demonstration data of 15 expert users of the image collection searching photographs for research and writing tasks. Critical incident questions yielded a total of 37 detailed real-life search examples and 158 expressed barriers to searching. Results show that expert users apply and combine different tactics (keywords, filtering and browsing) for image searching, and rarely using one tactic only is enough. During searching users face various barriers, most of them focusing on keyword searching due to the shortcomings of image metadata. Barriers were mostly in the context of the collection and tools. Although scholars have benefited from the efforts put into digitizing cultural heritage collections, providing digitized content openly online is not enough if there are no sufficient means for accessing the content. Automatic annotation methods are one option for creating metadata to improve the findability of the images. However, a better understanding of human information interaction with image data is needed to better support digitalization in the humanities in this respect.
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Objectives: The aims of this study were to evaluate the subjective image quality and reliability of two digital sensors. In addition, the image quality of the two sensors evaluated by specialists and general dentists were compared.
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An compact multispectral digital in-line holographic microscope (DIHM) is developed that emulates Gabor's original holographic principle. Using sources of varying spatial coherence (laser, LED), holographic images of objects, incl...
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An compact multispectral digital in-line holographic microscope (DIHM) is developed that emulates Gabor's original holographic principle. Using sources of varying spatial coherence (laser, LED), holographic images of objects, including optical fiber, latex microspheres, and cancer cells, are successfully captured and numerically processed. Quantitative measurement of cell locations and percentage confluence are estimated, and pseudocolor images are also presented. Phase profiles of weakly scattering cells are obtained from the DIHM and are compared to those produced by a commercially available off-axis digital holographic microscope.
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In low-energy radiological applications the capability to have reproducible image uniformity and good detection efficiency are relevant issues. A single photon counting system based on a 700μm thick silicon pixel detector, to ens...
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In low-energy radiological applications the capability to have reproducible image uniformity and good detection efficiency are relevant issues. A single photon counting system based on a 700μm thick silicon pixel detector, to ensure a good detection efficiency, and connected to the Medipix2 read-out chip is a good candidate to realize a low-noise detection system with a stable response. We present the experimental results obtained with this system. The performaces obtained with a variable thickness phantom are also reported.
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Virtual microscopy is a method for digitizing images of tissue on glass slides and using a computer to view, navigate, change magnification, focus and mark areas of interest. Virtual microscope systems (also called digital patholo...
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Virtual microscopy is a method for digitizing images of tissue on glass slides and using a computer to view, navigate, change magnification, focus and mark areas of interest. Virtual microscope systems (also called digital pathology or whole slide imaging systems) offer several advantages for biological scientists who use slides as part of their general, pharmaceutical, biotechnology or clinical research. The systems usually are based on one of two methodologies: area scanning or line scanning. Virtual microscope systems enable automatic sample detection, virtual-Z acquisition and creation of focal maps. Virtual slides are layered with multiple resolutions at each location, including the highest resolution needed to allow more detailed review of specific regions of interest. Scans may be acquired at 2, 10, 20, 40, 60 and 100 x or a combination of magnifications to highlight important detail. Digital microscopy starts when a slide collection is put into an automated or manual scanning system. The original slides are archived, then a server allows users to review multilayer digital images of the captured slides either by a closed network or by the internet. One challenge for adopting the technology is the lack of a universally accepted file format for virtual slides. Additional challenges include maintaining focus in an uneven sample, detecting specimens accurately, maximizing color fidelity with optimal brightness and contrast, optimizing resolution and keeping the images artifact-free. There are several manufacturers in the field and each has not only its own approach to these issues, but also its own image analysis software, which provides many options for users to enhance the speed, quality and accuracy of their process through virtual microscopy. Virtual microscope systems are widely used and are trusted to provide high quality solutions for teleconsultation, education, quality control, archiving, veterinary medicine, research and other fields.
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Prior work has shown that digital images and microscopic slides can be interpreted with comparable diagnostic accuracy. Although accuracy has been well-validated, the interpretative time for digital images has scarcely been studie...
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Prior work has shown that digital images and microscopic slides can be interpreted with comparable diagnostic accuracy. Although accuracy has been well-validated, the interpretative time for digital images has scarcely been studied and concerns about efficiency remain a major barrier to adoption. We investigated the efficiency of digital pathology when compared with glass slide interpretation in the diagnosis of surgical pathology biopsy and resection specimens. Slides were pulled from 510 surgical pathology cases from 5 organ systems (gastrointestinal, gynecologic, liver, bladder, and brain). Original diagnoses were independently confirmed by 2 validating pathologists. Diagnostic slides were scanned using the Philips IntelliSite Pathology Solution. Each case was assessed independently on digital and optical by 3 reading pathologists, with a >= 6 week washout period between modalities. Reading pathologists recorded assessment times for each modality; digital times included time to load the case. Diagnostic accuracy was determined based on whether a rendered diagnosis differed significantly from the original diagnosis. Statistical analysis was performed to assess for differences in interpretative times across modalities. All 3 reading pathologists showed comparable diagnostic accuracy across optical and digital modalities (mean major discordance rates with original diagnosis: 4.8% vs. 4.4%, respectively). Mean assessment times ranged from 1.2 to 9.1 seconds slower on digital versus optical. The slowest reader showed a significant learning effect during the course of the study so that digital assessment times decreased over time and were comparable with optical times by the end of the series. Organ site and specimen type did not significantly influence differences in interpretative times. In summary, digital image reading times compare favorably relative to glass slides across a variety of organ systems and specimen types. Mean increase in assessment time is 4 seconds/case. This time can be minimized with experience and may be further balanced by the improved ease of electronic chart access allowed by digital slide viewing, as well as quantitative assessments which can be expedited on digital images.
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Editing and manipulating digital images using easily available open-source software along with powerful commercial software has led to one of the serious issues in the area of multimedia forensics. Though most of the users use the...
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Editing and manipulating digital images using easily available open-source software along with powerful commercial software has led to one of the serious issues in the area of multimedia forensics. Though most of the users use these applications for fun when once the user tries to change the image content, intending to mislead the whole information transformed by the image such kind of action needs attention over the intention of the users. The digital image plays a significant role in various areas mainly in forensic investigation, science, digital media, intelligence systems, surveillance systems, a court of law, medical imaging, Journalism, and so on that utilize digital images as evidence for findings. Therefore verifying digital image authenticity and integrity is one of the most raising issues and challenges in the area of digital image forgeries. This survey focuses on various existing image tampering methods, a comparison of various techniques used in detecting, commonly applied detection tools that are used in identifying tampering, along with the discussion on existing tampered image datasets and performance metrics considered for evaluation. Further, the paper discusses several challenges and issues. The technical review article is designed to assist future researchers in the field and provide valuable insights.
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