摘要 :
There has been a rapid growth in the need to support mobile nodes in IPv6-based networks. IETF has completed to standardize Mobile IPv6 (MIPv6) and Hierarchical Mobile IPv6 (HMIPv6) for supporting IPv6 mobility. Even though existi...
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There has been a rapid growth in the need to support mobile nodes in IPv6-based networks. IETF has completed to standardize Mobile IPv6 (MIPv6) and Hierarchical Mobile IPv6 (HMIPv6) for supporting IPv6 mobility. Even though existing literatures have asserted that HMIPv6 generally improves MIPv6 in terms of handover speed, they do not carefully consider the details of the whole handover procedures. In this paper, based on the current IETF standards of both MIPv6 and HMIPv6, we conduct a comprehensive study of all IP-level handover procedures: movement detection, duplicate address detection, and location registration. Based on this study, we provide a mathematical analysis on MIPv6 and HMIPv6 performance in terms of handover speed. From the analysis, we reveal that the average HMIPv6 handover latency is not always lower than the average MIPv6 handover latency. Furthermore, even the intra-domain handover latency of HMIPv6 is not reduced much compared with MIPv6 handover latency. A finding of our analysis is that optimization techniques for movement detection and duplicate address detection are essential to shortening HMIPv6 handover latency and increasing the benefit of HMIPv6.
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Mobile IPv6 (MIPv6) is considered inefficient to support mobility due to larger handover delay and signaling overhead. Therefore, Hierarchical MIPv6 (HMIPv6) is designed by introducing a Mobile Anchor Point (MAP) in the MIPv6 arch...
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Mobile IPv6 (MIPv6) is considered inefficient to support mobility due to larger handover delay and signaling overhead. Therefore, Hierarchical MIPv6 (HMIPv6) is designed by introducing a Mobile Anchor Point (MAP) in the MIPv6 architecture. The MAP considerably drops the handoff delay and signaling load for mobility management in IPv6. The Three Layered MIPv6 (TLMIPv6), the focus of this paper, is influenced by the benefits of placing MAPs for efficient mobility management. In this model, three MAPs are placed in the architecture to reduce signaling cost and handoff latency. These MAPs are placed hierarchically in a tree like architecture, and the movement of nodes is coordinated by different MAP based on nodes' movement patterns. The behavior of the proposed model is simulated under various traffic scenarios and mobility conditions and compared with MIPv6 and HMIPv6 and Flow Based Distributed Mobility Management (FBDM) protocols. The results depict that when users are less mobile or confined their movements to a small geographical area, the proposed TLMIPv6 outperforms MIPv6, HMIPv6, and FBDM in handoff latency and signaling costs. Some suitable application scenarios for adopting TLMIPv6 are also mentioned at the end of the paper. The future scopes of the work are outlined.
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4G wireless networks are based on All-IP architecture integrating cellular networks, Wireless local area networks, Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access, Wireless ad hoc networks, and Wireless Personal Area Networks etc....
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4G wireless networks are based on All-IP architecture integrating cellular networks, Wireless local area networks, Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access, Wireless ad hoc networks, and Wireless Personal Area Networks etc. This makes seamless handover an important issue for users roaming among these networks. Anticipation of future events based on layer 2 (L2) trigger information is the basic principle of fast handover. It incurs higher signaling costs compared with the other protocols like Mobile IPv6 and Hierarchical Mobile IPv6. L2 trigger is based on fluctuating wireless channel states. Therefore, the handover anticipation using L2 trigger may sometimes be incorrect. Unnecessary buffer space is used for providing a smooth handover in the case of incorrect anticipation. Therefore, it is very important to analyze overhead costs and compare the performance of IP based handover protocols. This paper investigates the impact of L2 triggering time on the signaling cost, packet delivery cost, total overhead cost, and buffer space. Results show that Session to mobility ratio, L2 trigger time and number of subnets are determining parameters for optimizing handover performance.
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This paper presents a novel analytical approach to evaluate the signaling load of Mobile IPv6 (MIPv6) and Hierarchical Mobile IPv6 (HMIPv6). Previous analytical approaches for IP mobility management have not provided a complete an...
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This paper presents a novel analytical approach to evaluate the signaling load of Mobile IPv6 (MIPv6) and Hierarchical Mobile IPv6 (HMIPv6). Previous analytical approaches for IP mobility management have not provided a complete and general framework for the performance analysis; no consideration of either periodic binding refresh cost or extra packet tunneling cost from the viewpoint of IP mobility management, and no in-depth investigation with respect to various system parameters. In this paper, according to the proposed analytical approach, we derive the location update costs (i.e., the sum of binding update costs and binding refresh costs), packet tunneling costs, inside-domain signaling costs, outside-domain signaling costs, and total signaling costs, which are generated by a mobile node (MN) during its average domain residence time in case MIPv6 or HMIPv6 is deployed under the same network architecture, respectively. Moreover, based on these derived costs, we evaluate the impacts of various system parameters on the signaling costs generated by an MN in MIPv6 and HMIPv6. The aim of this paper is not to determine which protocol performs better, but evaluate the performance that can be expected for each protocol under the various conditions, broaden our deep understanding of the various parameters that may influence the performance, and provide insight for the deployment of the two protocols.
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Mobile IPv6 is proposed as one of the mobility management technologies to realize Fixed Mobile Convergence (FMC) between mobile and fixed access networks. The hierarchical approach to Mobile IPv6 enables fast handovers and reduces...
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Mobile IPv6 is proposed as one of the mobility management technologies to realize Fixed Mobile Convergence (FMC) between mobile and fixed access networks. The hierarchical approach to Mobile IPv6 enables fast handovers and reduces the volume of control messages. However the problems are that packets concentrate at the hierarchical node and route optimization is sacrificed because the packets are routed via the hierarchical node. In this paper; we propose a new mobile network architecture based on Hierarchical Mobile IPv6 that disperses the function of the hierarchical node to edge nodes so as to realize route optimization and avoid the packet concentration. Then we analyze its effectiveness in regard to route optimization.
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Mobile IPv6 is proposed as one of the mobility management technologies to realize Fixed Mobile Convergence (FMC) between mobile and fixed access networks. The hierarchical approach to Mobile IPv6 enables fast handovers and reduces...
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Mobile IPv6 is proposed as one of the mobility management technologies to realize Fixed Mobile Convergence (FMC) between mobile and fixed access networks. The hierarchical approach to Mobile IPv6 enables fast handovers and reduces the volume of control messages. However the problems are that packets concentrate at the hierarchical node and route optimization is sacrificed because the packets are routed via the hierarchical node. In this paper; we propose a new mobile network architecture based on Hierarchical Mobile IPv6 that disperses the function of the hierarchical node to edge nodes so as to realize route optimization and avoid the packet concentration. Then we analyze its effectiveness in regard to route optimization.
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Integrated Services Digital Broadcasting - Terrestrial (ISDB-T) has improved the quality of mobile reception compared with analog broadcasting. However, the conventional methods have performance drawbacks that negatively affect th...
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Integrated Services Digital Broadcasting - Terrestrial (ISDB-T) has improved the quality of mobile reception compared with analog broadcasting. However, the conventional methods have performance drawbacks that negatively affect the broadcasting area handover. For example, TV receivers detect the change of broadcasting area by the poor reception and must search for a high quality channel from among all UHF channels, which wastes a lot of time. In this paper, we propose a broadcasting area handover method using Hierarchical Mobile IPv6 (HMIPv6). In this method, the local network equipment of HMIPv6 periodically collect broadcasting receiving information (BRI) such as a channel, media, and receiving quality from MNs. The equipment then constructs a broadcasting receiving list (BRL) of the available areas from the BRI collected by MNs. In this paper, we describe an example in which a mobility anchor point (MAP) constructs a BRL for every access router (AR). The MAPs transmit the BRL to the MNs that make handover, which enables them to detect changes of the broadcasting area and ensure that viewers can watch TV with minimal channel searching times. Furthermore, in the proposed method, the viewers can continuously view the same media by searching the channel of the same media that they viewed in a previous AR's area.
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Hierarchical Mobile IPv6 (HMIPv6) has been proposed to accommodate frequent mobility of terminals within the Internet. It utilizes a router, named Mobility Anchor Point (MAP), so that networks can manage mobile terminals without f...
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Hierarchical Mobile IPv6 (HMIPv6) has been proposed to accommodate frequent mobility of terminals within the Internet. It utilizes a router, named Mobility Anchor Point (MAP), so that networks can manage mobile terminals without floods of signaling message. Note here that, particularly in a wide area network, such as a mobile communication network, it is efficient to distribute several MAPs within the same network and make the MAP domains cover overlapped areas. This enables the network to manage the terminals in a flexible manner according to their different mobility scenarios. The method described in the Internet-Draft at the IETF, however, lets mobile terminals select its MAP. This may cause load concentration at some particular MAPs and/or floods of signaling messages, because the terminals may not select a feasible MAP in a desirable manner. In this paper, a MAP selection method in distributed-MAPs environment is proposed. It reduces signaling messages to/from outside networks without load concentration at any particular MAPs. Finally, we show that the proposed method works effectively by simulation experiments.
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The Hierarchical Mobile IPv6 (HMIPv6), which is based on the Mobile IPv6 (MIPv6), has been proposed by IETF to reduce registration control signaling. It separates micro-mobility from macro-mobility with the help of an intermediate...
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The Hierarchical Mobile IPv6 (HMIPv6), which is based on the Mobile IPv6 (MIPv6), has been proposed by IETF to reduce registration control signaling. It separates micro-mobility from macro-mobility with the help of an intermediate mobility agent, called the mobility anchor point (MAP), and exploits a Mobile Node's (MN's) spatial locality. However, all packets from a Correspondent Node (CN) to an MN are delivered through the MAP. That causes delay in packets delivery and the congestion of packets in the MAP so that it results in deterioration of network capability. To alleviate these problems, we propose a Hierarchical Mobile IPv6 protocol using not only spatial locality but also temporal locality. We introduce a profile for management of this locality information. According to the information in the profile, some packets are directly delivered to an MN, if MN seems to reside for a long time in the current subnet. Also, we introduce a handover scheme with the help of an L2 trigger, so that the proposed scheme takes nearly the same handover delay time as HMIPv6. The other contribution of this paper is to suggest a mathematical modeling and analysis of network traffic costs, MAP processing costs and handover latency for both HMIPv6 and the proposed scheme.
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