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A novel integral imaging microscope system with high magnification is analyzed and implemented in this paper. In our system, we use an inverted fluorescence microscope for specimens amplification, and apply a 3-D information acqui...
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A novel integral imaging microscope system with high magnification is analyzed and implemented in this paper. In our system, we use an inverted fluorescence microscope for specimens amplification, and apply a 3-D information acquisition system for 3-D information acquisition, and utilize an EMCCD for acquiring elemental images arrays formed by a microlens array and relay system. By using our experimental prototype, we record 12 x 12 elemental images arrays of different type specimens successfully, and generate depth slice images by CIIR method. Comparing with a conventional light field microscope, the magnification of our system is improved hundreds times because of remaining eyepiece and designing novel experimental configuration, then we can acquire more fine 3-D information of the specimen. Moreover, we develop a diffuse transmission element for acquiring 3-D information which is carried by scattered light, so we can acquire more plentiful 3-D information. Finally, we also demonstrate the validity and the effectiveness of our high magnification system by biological microorganism experimental data. (C) 2017 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.
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A novel curved computational integral imaging reconstruction (C-CIIR) technique for the virtually curved integral imaging (VCII) system is proposed, and its performances are analyzed. In the C-CIIR model, an additional virtual lar...
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A novel curved computational integral imaging reconstruction (C-CIIR) technique for the virtually curved integral imaging (VCII) system is proposed, and its performances are analyzed. In the C-CIIR model, an additional virtual large-aperture lens is included to provide a multidirectional curving effect in the reconstruction process, and its effect is analyzed in detail by using the ABCD matrix. With this method, resolution-enhanced 3D object images can be computationally reconstructed from the picked-up elemental images of the VCII system. To confirm the feasibility of the proposed model, some experiments are carried out. Experiments revealed that the sampling rate in the VCII system could be kept at a maximum value within some range of the distance z, whereas in the conventional integral imaging system it linearly decreased as the distance z increased. It is also shown that resolutions of the object images reconstructed by the C-CIIR method have been significantly improved compared with those of the conventional CIIR method.
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Digital holography is a technique that permits digital capture of holograms and subsequent processing on a digital computer. This paper reviews various applications of this technique. The presented applications cover three-dimensi...
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Digital holography is a technique that permits digital capture of holograms and subsequent processing on a digital computer. This paper reviews various applications of this technique. The presented applications cover three-dimensional (3-D) imaging as well as several associated problems. For the case of 3-D imaging, optical and digital methods to reconstruct and visualize the recorded objects are described. In addition, techniques to compress and encrypt 3-D information in the form of digital holograms are presented. Lastly, 3-D pattern recognition applications of digital holography are discussed. The described techniques constitute a comprehensive approach to 3-D imaging and processing.
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When planning operations on the facial skull, transversal asymmetries of the maxillo-mandibular complex cannot be adequately assessed using conventional two-dimensional (2D) x-ray cephalometry. On eight patients who presented with...
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When planning operations on the facial skull, transversal asymmetries of the maxillo-mandibular complex cannot be adequately assessed using conventional two-dimensional (2D) x-ray cephalometry. On eight patients who presented with facial skull asymmetries, a three-dimensional (3D) laser technology model (LTM) using CT data was fabricated. Five sagittal plane points and six symmetry points were marked on the LTM, measured with the FlashPoint 3-D Digitizer and then geometrically converted, such that using the sagittal plane points, sella, basion, and nasion, a method could be developed that allowed the localization of each spatial point in the three symmetry planes. Thus one could quantitatively record a patient's specific facial skull asymmetry in all three planes and a 3D measurement became feasible. Based on the measurements, the asymmetry could be assessed with respect to the sagittal, vertical, and horizontal planes. With the 3-D LTM Digitizer measuring system, the surgeon now had precise numerical information regarding the symmetry ratios of the skull at his disposal, information that would have been difficult to evaluate solely using a model analysis. The results from this study show that our measuring system is applicable and useful for complex maxillofacial asymmetries. The planning of surgical interventions was optimized because precise numerical values regarding the degree of the asymmetry were available. With the 3-D LTM Digitizer measuring system, cephalometric analysis of complex asymmetries in the three spatial planes can be pragmatically supported. Copyright 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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We propose a method for refocusing-range and image-quality enhanced optical reconstruction of threedimensional (3-D) objects from integral images only by using a 3 x 3 periodic delta-function array (PDFA), which is called a princi...
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We propose a method for refocusing-range and image-quality enhanced optical reconstruction of threedimensional (3-D) objects from integral images only by using a 3 x 3 periodic delta-function array (PDFA), which is called a principal PDFA (P-PDFA). By directly convolving the elemental image array (EIA) captured from 3-D objects with the P-PDFAs whose spatial periods correspond to each object's depth, a set of spatially-filtered EIAs (SF-EIAs) are extracted, and from which 3-D objects can be reconstructed to be refocused on their real depth. convolutional operations are performed directly on each of the minimum 3 x 3 EIs of the picked-up EIA, the capturing and refocused-depth ranges of 3-D objects can be greatly enhanced, as well as 3-D objects much improved in image quality can be reconstructed without any preprocessing operations. Through rayoptical analysis and optical experiments with actual 3-D objects, the feasibility of the proposed method has been confirmed. (C) 2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.
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Abstract Three‐dimensional echocardiography (3DE) has emerged in recent decades from a conceptual, research tool to an important, useful imaging technique that can informatively impact daily clinical practice. However, its adopti...
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Abstract Three‐dimensional echocardiography (3DE) has emerged in recent decades from a conceptual, research tool to an important, useful imaging technique that can informatively impact daily clinical practice. However, its adoption into the modern‐day echo laboratory requires the acknowledgment of its value, coupled with proper leadership, education, and resources to implement and integrate its use with conventional echo techniques. 3DE integration involves important updates regarding equipment and patient selection, assimilation of 3D protocols into current clinical routine, laboratory workflow adaptation, storage, and reporting. This review will provide a practical blueprint and key points of how to integrate 3DE into today's echo laboratory, necessary resources to implement 3D workflow, logistical challenges that remain, and future directions to further improve assimilation of this relevant echo technique into the laboratory.
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In this paper, we propose a new depth estimation technique with enhanced depth resolution in three-dimensional (3D) integral imaging. Typical integral imaging using a lenslet array can obtain elemental images with different perspe...
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In this paper, we propose a new depth estimation technique with enhanced depth resolution in three-dimensional (3D) integral imaging. Typical integral imaging using a lenslet array can obtain elemental images with different perspectives by a single shot. However, the lateral and depth resolutions of the reconstructed 3D image may be low, which limit applications of integral imaging such as for object tracking, occlusion removal, and depth estimation. Especially, enhanced depth estimation may be required since depth is the most important information for all 3D applications. In this paper, we use the pixel rearrangement technique for visual quality enhancement of the reconstructed 3D image, and use pixel blink rate to evaluate the defocus area for depth estimation improvement. Our experimental results support that our method can enhance the depth resolution in typical integral imaging using lenslet arrays.
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Understanding the relationship of the structure of organs to their function is a key component of integrative physiological research. The structure of the organs of the body is not constant but changes, both during growth and deve...
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Understanding the relationship of the structure of organs to their function is a key component of integrative physiological research. The structure of the organs of the body is not constant but changes, both during growth and development and under conditions of sustained stress (e g. high altitude exposure and disease). Recently, powerful new techniques have become available in molecular biology, which promise to provide novel insights into the mechanisms and consequences of these altered structure-function relationships. Conventionally structure-function relationships are studied by microscopic examination of tissue sections. However, drawing conclusions about the three-dimensional structure of an organ based on this two-dimensional information frequently leads to serious errors. The techniques of stereology allow precise and accurate quantification of structural features within three-dimensional organs that relate in a meaningful way to integrated function. For example, knowledge of changes in the total surface area of the capillary endothelium in a n organ can be related directly to changes in fluid filtration and permeability, or knowledge of total vessel length and mean radius allows deductions about vascular resistance. Confocal microscopy add s enormously to the power of stereological approaches. It reduces the difficulties and labour involved in obtaining suitable images. Moreover, when used in conjunction with new analytical software, it allows convenient application of stereology to small samples and those in which it is essential to maintain a specific orientation for interpretation. The information obtained will allow us to examine in a quantitative manner the altered structure-function relationships produced by manipulation of single genes and regulatory pathways in whole organisms.
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A generalized, accurate, automatic, retrospective method of image registration for three-dimensional images has been developed. The method is based on mutual information, a specific measure of voxel similarity, and is applicable t...
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A generalized, accurate, automatic, retrospective method of image registration for three-dimensional images has been developed. The method is based on mutual information, a specific measure of voxel similarity, and is applicable to a wide range of imaging modalities and organs, rigid or deformable. A drawback of mutual information-based image registration is long execution times. To overcome the speed problem, low-cost, customized hardware to accelerate this computationally intensive task was developed. Individual hardware accelerator units (each, in principle, 25-fold faster than a comparable software implementation) can be concatenated to perform image registration at any user-desired speed. A first-generation prototype board with two processing units provided a 12- to 16-fold increase in speed. Enhancements for increasing the speed further are being developed. These advances have enabled many nontraditional applications of image registration and have made the traditional applications more efficient.Clinical applications include fusion of computed tomographic (CT), magnetic resonance, and positron emission tomographic (PET) images of the brain; fusion of whole-body CT and PET images; fusion of four-dimensional spatiotemporal ultrasonographic (US) and single photon emission CT images of the heart; and correction of misalignment between pre- and poststress four-dimensional US images.
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