摘要 :
Online analysis of bioprocesses by analytical spectroscopic methods is used to produce fast sample analysis. Bio-transformations are directly controlled by continuous process It improves management of Quality. Various methods for ...
展开
Online analysis of bioprocesses by analytical spectroscopic methods is used to produce fast sample analysis. Bio-transformations are directly controlled by continuous process It improves management of Quality. Various methods for online analysis have been reported. This review article majorly covers applications for infrared [NIR and MIR]; Fluorescence; Ultraviolet [UV] Spectroscopy and Raman Spectroscopy for online monitoring of bioprocesses. The use of Uv- Vis spectroscopy in bioprocess monitoring to measure different chemicals compound present in sample. The measurement of proteins and other large molecule, where light is absorbed by functional group of molecules, resulting in non-specific uv-vis spectra. Raman spectroscopy is supportive to MIR, yielding different intensities and selectivity. Raman measures inelastic scattering from a monochromatic radiation source. Fluorescence spectroscopy monitoring and automation of fluorescence can be improved by using in combination with chemometric model for cultivation of e-coli. The application of spectroscopic methods for the analysis of bioprocess result in complex spectra. The methods under discussion produce datasets which overlapping spectra for all of these components which requires multivariate data analysis method, such as Partial least square (PLS), regression or principal component regression for data analysis also the use of calibration dataset and chemometric algorithms which is beyond the scope of review.
收起
摘要 :
Simple, precise and economical UV spectrophotometric methods have been developed for the estimation of Sitagliptin in pharmaceutical dosage form. Method applied was area under curve (AUC) in which area under curve was integrated i...
展开
Simple, precise and economical UV spectrophotometric methods have been developed for the estimation of Sitagliptin in pharmaceutical dosage form. Method applied was area under curve (AUC) in which area under curve was integrated in the wavelength range of271.60 -278.20nm. Calibration curves were plotted for method by using instrumental response at selected wavelength and concentrations of analyte in the solution. Linearity for the detector response was observed in the concentration range of 10-60 μg/ml for the method. Tablet formulation was analyzed and % assay determined was 99.44% - 101.68%. Accuracy and precision studies were carried out and results were satisfactory. The results of the analysis were validated statistically. Limit of detection and limit of quantitaiton were determined for methods. The methods were validated by following the analytical performance parameters suggested by the International Conference on Harmonization. All validation parameters were within the acceptable range. The developed methods were successfully applied to estimate the amount of Sitagliptin in pharmaceutical formulations.
收起
摘要 :
Tramadol was analyzed by using zero-, first- and second-order derivative spectrophotometric methods in methanol and water media. The type of solvent, the degree of derivation, the range of wavelength and the range of concentration...
展开
Tramadol was analyzed by using zero-, first- and second-order derivative spectrophotometric methods in methanol and water media. The type of solvent, the degree of derivation, the range of wavelength and the range of concentration were chosen in order to optimise the conditions. The developed and validated method was successfully applied to the analysis of human plasma samples in methanol medium. Beer's law was obeyed in the linearity range of 10-100 ug mL~(-1) between the wavelength ranges of 240-290 nm. The solutions of standard were prepared in methanol and water media and the plasma samples were prepared in methanol medium. It was thought that methanol is more suitable solvent than water for tramadol analysis in human plasma. The standard calibration curves of tramadol were constructed by plotting absorbance versus concentration in the determined concentration range with the final dilution. Developed U V and derivative UV spectrophotometric methods in this study are accurate, sensitive, precise and reproducible and can be directly and easily applied to the plasma.
收起
摘要 :
An automatic photometric method to increase the precision of measurement is proposed, which is based on the injection of a very small volume of sample by rotary valve and the subsequent homogeneous mixing in a small reaction cell ...
展开
An automatic photometric method to increase the precision of measurement is proposed, which is based on the injection of a very small volume of sample by rotary valve and the subsequent homogeneous mixing in a small reaction cell made of glass of thesample with a color-developing reagent gradually delivered by a syringe piston pump until the absorbance of the mixture approaches 0.434, where the lowest relative error in the concentration locates. This photometric method is characteristic of uniformlyhigh precision, low sample and reagent consumption, and high sampling rate of 30 samples per h. The other advantages of this method include easy calibration with only one standard solution and no strict requirements on photometric components. While applied for the determination of cobalt ranging from 0.21 to 1.43 g 1~(-1), the relative standard deviations are all below 0.4%.
收起
摘要 :
Simple, sensitive and reliable spectro-chemometric and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) methods were developed for simultaneous determination of binary mixture of etilefrine hydrochloride and chlorpheniramine maleate ...
展开
Simple, sensitive and reliable spectro-chemometric and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) methods were developed for simultaneous determination of binary mixture of etilefrine hydrochloride and chlorpheniramine maleate without prior separation in their bulk drugs and dosage forms. The spectro-chemometric methods used are, derivative spectrophotometry, derivative ratio, and isosbestic point methods. The HPLC method involves the use of reversed-phase separation mode using eluant of pH 3.5, consisted of phosphate buffer/acetonitrile (30:70 v/v) and Zorbax ODS column. All variables influencing the spectrophotometric and HPLC methods were carefully investigated and optimized. The developed methods were evaluated according to United State Pharmacopeia (USP) and International Conference of Harmonization (ICH) rules. The current methods were successfully implemented for direct the determination of these drugs in their trade pharmaceutical formulations. The obtained results were contrasted with those calculated after application of reference method. The data obtained from both methods were statistically analyzed by F- and t-tests. The results of such study showed excellent agreement in respect to the accuracy and precision of the suggested and reference methods. (C) 2019 Published by Elsevier B.V.
收起
摘要 :
An overview is given of different spectrophotometric catalogs, including a brief description of the applications of absolute spectrophotometry in evolutionary population synthesis. Observational data for different stars are given....
展开
An overview is given of different spectrophotometric catalogs, including a brief description of the applications of absolute spectrophotometry in evolutionary population synthesis. Observational data for different stars are given. A list of catalogs is presented, including those containing intrinsic energy distributions for stars of different temperatures and luminosities, spectrophotometric standards, extragalactic sources, and theoretically calculated spectra. A number of useful links and Internet resources are provided.
收起
摘要 :
Heterogeneous photocatalysis with titanium dioxide (TiO2) is considered one of the most promising Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs). In order to solve issues related to catalyst recovery and possible agglomeration, which are typ...
展开
Heterogeneous photocatalysis with titanium dioxide (TiO2) is considered one of the most promising Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs). In order to solve issues related to catalyst recovery and possible agglomeration, which are typical of catalysts in nanoparticle form, self-organized nanotubular TiO2 films directly immobilized on a metal substrate can be produced through anodization. In this study, a nanotubular anodic oxide was tested in the degradation of three organic dyes, namely Direct Red 80, Methylene Blue, and Rhodamine B, in single, binary, and ternary mixtures, to simulate industrial effluents with the co-presence of multiple dyes. To better understand the dyes’ behavior and possible interaction effects, spectrophotometry was used to analyze the degradation of each dye in the mixture. The zero-crossing first-order derivative approach and double divisor ratio spectra derivative method were used for the analysis of binary and ternary mixtures, respectively, to overcome quantification problems due to spectra overlapping. The photocatalytic system demonstrated good efficiency, supporting the use of nanotubular TiO2 as a photocatalyst for dye mixtures. Moreover, the interaction among dyes can actually affect, both positively and negatively, photodegradation kinetics, posing an issue in understanding the actual efficiency of the purification process as a function of the effluent composition.
收起
摘要 :
Two very simple spectrophctometric methods are described for resolving binary and ternary mixtures of the food colorants tartra-zine,carmoisine and riboflavine using the absorption and the first derivative spectra.Calibration grap...
展开
Two very simple spectrophctometric methods are described for resolving binary and ternary mixtures of the food colorants tartra-zine,carmoisine and riboflavine using the absorption and the first derivative spectra.Calibration graphs are up to 103 mg L~(-1)of tartrazine(E-102),30.2 mg L~(-1)of carmoisine(E-122)and 30 mg L~(-1)of riboflavine(E-101).Standard deviations of 0.4,0.7 and 1.4% were obtained for nine standards of 15 mg L~(-1)of tartrazine,15 mg L~(-1)of riboflavine and 10 mg L~(-1)of carmoisine,respectively.In this study,concentrations of tartrazine(T),riboflavine(R)and carmoisine(C)in binary and ternary mixtures are calculated by Cramer(determinant)method using absorption spectra.T,C and R were also simultaneously determined in their binary mixtures by first derivative spectrophotometry.The method was applied to different drinks.This method was satisfactorily used for determining synthetic mixtures of these colorants in different ratios.It was successfully applied over three commercial products containing the three dyes and did not require any separation step.
收起
摘要 :
In this study, the simultaneous spectrophotometric estimation of Sofosbuvir (SOF) and Daclatasvir (DAC) in synthetic mixtures and tablet formulation in the presence of overlapping spectra was performed based on continuous wavelet ...
展开
In this study, the simultaneous spectrophotometric estimation of Sofosbuvir (SOF) and Daclatasvir (DAC) in synthetic mixtures and tablet formulation in the presence of overlapping spectra was performed based on continuous wavelet transform (CWT) and derivative spectrophotometry (DS) methods without any separation process. The Coiflet (Coif2) and Daubechies (Db3) wavelet families with wavelength of 256 nm and 218 nm were obtained as the best families for the simultaneous determination of SOF and DAC, respectively. Also, the first derivative absorption spectra revealed the best results corresponding to the analysis of SOF and DAC at 237 nm and 291 nm, respectively. The ranges of limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantitation (LOQ) related to the CWT and DS methods were 2.45 x 10(-3) to 0.5054 and 6.91 x 10(-3) to 0.6027, respectively. Mean recovery values of SOF and DAC in synthetic mixtures for CWT approach were 98.55%, 98.09% and in DS method were 98.78% and 95.83%, respectively. Real samples, including Sovodak tablet and urine was used for accurate simultaneous determination of the mentioned components. Analyzing Sovodak tablet was implemented using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) as a reference method that the results were near to the CWT and DS methods. In order to investigate the existence of significant differences between the methods, analysis of variance (ANOVA) test at the 95% confidence level was performed but no significant differences were observed. In addition, the amounts of SOF and DAC in the complex matrix of biological sample were well predicted by the proposed methods. (c) 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
收起
摘要 :
Pyridopyridazine dithione (PPD) was synthesized as a new sensitive and selective reagent for spectrophotometric and derivative spectrophotometric determination of palladium(II). In aqueous and micellar medium, PPD forms 1:4 comple...
展开
Pyridopyridazine dithione (PPD) was synthesized as a new sensitive and selective reagent for spectrophotometric and derivative spectrophotometric determination of palladium(II). In aqueous and micellar medium, PPD forms 1:4 complexes having molar absorptivities of 4.68 * 10~4 and 5.74 * 10~4 l mol~(-1) cm~(-1) at 570 and 615 nm, respectively. Beer's law was obeyed up to 2.2 and 2.5 μg ml~(-1) with detection limits of 0.2 and 0.1 μg ml~(-1). The relative standard deviations for 1.23 μg ml~(-1) were 2.6 and 1.3%, in the absence and presence of Triton X-100. In fourth-derivative mode, the regression equation, linear range, detection limit and RSD for 0.075 μg ml~(-1) were D_4 = 4.3 C + 1.5 * 10~(-3), 0.013 - 0.23 μg ml~(-1), 3.7 ng ml~(-1) and 0.78%, respectively. The ionization constants of the reagent and stability constants of the complexes were evaluated. The method is free from interference by most common metal ions and anions. The method was applied for determination of palladium in activated charcoal.
收起
原文获取