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With increasing implementation of automated driving technology it is expected that different automation modes will be present within the same vehicle and within a single trip. At all times during automated driving the driver needs...
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With increasing implementation of automated driving technology it is expected that different automation modes will be present within the same vehicle and within a single trip. At all times during automated driving the driver needs to have 'mode awareness', which is an understanding of the automation mode and the corresponding responsibilities. Yet, research on HMI design to support mode awareness for multiple automation modes within a single vehicle and within a single trip is currently limited. The current work describes the development and evaluation of a Human Machine Interface (HMI) to support mode awareness while driving in different automation modes. The work exists of three phases: Phase 1 defines functional requirements for HMI design based on literature review and 5 experimental studies including 146 participants. Phase 2 implements the functional requirements in HMI design through expert and focus group sessions. Phase 3 evaluates and improves upon the HMI design employing virtual reality and the RITE (Rapid Iterative Testing and Evaluation) method with 18 participants. The result is a continuous and holistic HMI design creating mode awareness through ambience. Findings from Phase 3 and previous research indicate that this HMI is comprehended well, with a relatively low task load, and with a good experienced system usability. It is important to additionally evaluate the HMI design resulting from the current study in driving simulators and in on-road tests. Such tests will provide an opportunity to verify and expand on the current study's findings and to contribute to guidelines for HMI design.
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Limited budgets, rapid acquisition strategies, and complex system concepts place a significant burden on the traditional infrastructure for open-air and lab-based test and evaluation (T&E). Test ranges including White Sands Missile Range, Yuma Proving Ground, Natick Soldier Systems Center, and others have identified the need for a common infrastructure in order to perform T&E activities more efficiently. This article takes an information management approach to identify characteristics essential to the design and development of a common infrastructure for T&E. The vision is an "intelligent" infrastructure in which automated tools aid testers, developers, and decision makers in the collection, analysis, and dissemination of test information. This infrastructure provides a foundation for data-driven decision making and development of an integrated, end-to-end T&E strategy. The objective is to enhance the test community's ability to provide high-quality, low-cost capabilities to the warfighter in a time frame consistent with the operational tempo....
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Limited budgets, rapid acquisition strategies, and complex system concepts place a significant burden on the traditional infrastructure for open-air and lab-based test and evaluation (T&E). Test ranges including White Sands Missile Range, Yuma Proving Ground, Natick Soldier Systems Center, and others have identified the need for a common infrastructure in order to perform T&E activities more efficiently. This article takes an information management approach to identify characteristics essential to the design and development of a common infrastructure for T&E. The vision is an "intelligent" infrastructure in which automated tools aid testers, developers, and decision makers in the collection, analysis, and dissemination of test information. This infrastructure provides a foundation for data-driven decision making and development of an integrated, end-to-end T&E strategy. The objective is to enhance the test community's ability to provide high-quality, low-cost capabilities to the warfighter in a time frame consistent with the operational tempo.
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Within the Veterans Health Administration, substance use disorder clinics can be important locations for identifying HIV-infected patients. In this formative evaluation we assessed organizational readiness to implement a nurse-ini...
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Within the Veterans Health Administration, substance use disorder clinics can be important locations for identifying HIV-infected patients. In this formative evaluation we assessed organizational readiness to implement a nurse-initiated HIV rapid test strategy in two Veterans Health Administration substance use disorder clinics. We conducted 34 quantitative surveys and 21 key informant interviews with front-line staff and management to assess attitudes regarding HIV testing in general and nurse-initiated HIV rapid testing specifically. We also assessed potential organizational impediments and facilitators to the implementation of nurse-initiated HIV rapid testing. Staff agreed that nurse-initiated HIV rapid testing is supported by research evidence, clinical experience, and patient need. Staff differed on the degree to which nurse-initiated HIV rapid test strategy fit within the substance use disorder clinic mission. We identified barriers to the implementation of nurse-initiated HIV rapid testing, including resource limitations, concerns of organizational readiness and patient acceptance of the nurse-initiated HIV rapid testing strategy. Despite these hurdles, the clinics are willing to adopt nurse-initiated HIV rapid testing if supported by appropriate modifications in organizational structure, HIV ordering policies, and specific changes in clinical practices.
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We assess the contribution of a rapid-HIV testing program run by M,dicos del Mundo and oriented to vulnerable populations reluctant to attend conventional settings.
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To evaluate three testing strategies to identify new HIV diagnoses in Rhode Island (RI). RI deployed three testing strategies, by using rapid HIV tests at clinical settings, community-based organization (CBO) settings, and the Par...
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To evaluate three testing strategies to identify new HIV diagnoses in Rhode Island (RI). RI deployed three testing strategies, by using rapid HIV tests at clinical settings, community-based organization (CBO) settings, and the Partner Notification Services (PNS) program from 2012 to 2014. We reviewed the rapid HIV test results and confirmatory test results to identify new diagnoses, and conducted a cost-utility analysis. The average cost per new diagnosis was $33,015 at CBO settings, $5446 at clinical settings, and $33,818 at the PNS program. The cost-utility analysis showed the state-wide program was cost-saving; testing was cost-saving at clinical settings, and cost-effective at CBO settings and the PNS program. Further analyses showed that cost-effectiveness varied widely across CBOs. The HIV testing expansion program in RI was cost-saving overall. The heterogeneity of cost-effectiveness across settings should provide guidance to officials for allocation of future resources to HIV testing.
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Rapid collection of data is of utmost importance in monitoring and evaluation of activities of public health importance. Among others techniques, 30 by 7 cluster sampling and Lot quality assurance sampling(LQAS) methods have been ...
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Rapid collection of data is of utmost importance in monitoring and evaluation of activities of public health importance. Among others techniques, 30 by 7 cluster sampling and Lot quality assurance sampling(LQAS) methods have been described in literature for this purpose. However, LQAS is often sparingly used in most settings, undermining its importance as a effective epidemiological tool in public health practice. To some extent LQAS is inadequately understood and even less emphasized method, especially in the postgraduate teaching and training. In this paper we aim to explain the use, method and application of LQAS in public health settings as well as discuss common pitfalls to avoid while planning and drawing inferences based on data collected through LQAS.
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In the course of the colorimetric determination of analytes using a procedure with discrete readings the measurement uncertainly cannot be calculated in the normally practiced manner. The basic principle of the analytical method u...
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In the course of the colorimetric determination of analytes using a procedure with discrete readings the measurement uncertainly cannot be calculated in the normally practiced manner. The basic principle of the analytical method used is a stepwise and non-equidistant reading. Based on the fact that half a step can be estimated, a calculation of the measurement uncertainty for the 95% confidence level is possible; this is needed to allow a reliable decision of whether a critical value is exceeded or not.
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A rapid evaluation methodology for steel girder bridges was researched and executed for this study. The goal was to conduct a field evaluation and load rating within a single day. To achieve this goal, three initial tasks were per...
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A rapid evaluation methodology for steel girder bridges was researched and executed for this study. The goal was to conduct a field evaluation and load rating within a single day. To achieve this goal, three initial tasks were performed: laboratory testing to determine rapid sensor attachment, the establishment of field instrumentation guidelines, and code development to automate the data processing of crawl-speed load-test field measurements. The instrumentation guidelines and data-processing code allow for the identification of several parameters that are critical to properly representing the functional behavior of the structure. These critical parameters include composite behavior, live-load distribution factors, and presence of span continuity. With these parameters and readily available user input values, AASHTO HL-93 live-load ratings can be determined. The overall methodology was validated through a case study of a load-restricted three-span steel girder bridge. The structure was field evaluated over 1 day to produce load ratings on site. The controlling load rating of the structure prior to testing was 0.45 (operating level), which was increased to 1.56 as a result of a reduction in live-load distribution factors and the presence of composite behavior. The findings of the research illustrate the feasibility and value for rapid assessment of bridges that can potentially be incorporated into regular bridge inspection schedules. (C) 2017 American Society of Civil Engineers.
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Purpose - This paper aims to present a method of reproducing multi-object structures from materials of diverse physical properties with the use of models fabricated by means of rapid prototyping (RP) techniques.
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