摘要 :
In the fire and disaster prevention administration of which is not developed in comparison with any other administrative system, the systematic improvement is necessary. For system's more development, financial resource of fire se...
展开
In the fire and disaster prevention administration of which is not developed in comparison with any other administrative system, the systematic improvement is necessary. For system's more development, financial resource of fire service must be increased sufficiently. If fire service's budget is not allocated sufficiently, fire and disaster were not prevented effectively. This study set up hypothesis based on theoretical background and past research. In this study, dependent variables are fire service budget and police service budget per person Whereas independent variables include demand characteristics, economical characteristics, political characteristics, and previous fiscal year's budget. Statistical methods for the hypothesis's verification are regression analysis, correlation analysis and t-test. The major finding on this study are as follows: First, regression analysis showed that significant variable were past budget variable and economical variable. But political variable and demand variable were not significant except for a emergency medical variable. Second, fire service budget's average was not different significantly from police service budget's average. The above result are contingent upon the theory described in this research. A sustained research and development effort will be necessary if substantial and meaningful progress is to be made in fire service budget.
收起
摘要 :
The work of the fire service has changed during the last decades from being essentially operational to include a larger variety of activities to increase fire safety in society. Also, the theoretical understanding of fire developm...
展开
The work of the fire service has changed during the last decades from being essentially operational to include a larger variety of activities to increase fire safety in society. Also, the theoretical understanding of fire development, fire dynamics in buildings and fire safety engineering have improved. There are several good examples of areas were fire dynamics theories have supported and improved the fire service activities associated with building fire safety during the last decades. Despite such examples the quality of knowledge transfer between theory and research, and the more practical arena, such as fire service activities is sometimes questionable. This paper includes a systematic literature review and an interview study that is used to discuss how fire dynamics is used to support fire service activities today and where the use of fire dynamics theory could or should be increased in the future. It is found in the paper that fire dynamics theories are currently used more in the preventative and investigative areas than in the operational area of fire service activities. The primary reasons for this is that the timeframe is much shorter in the latter and that there are established procedures and tactics that work well for the common operational situations. However, there is a potential to use fire dynamics theories more in the operational area when it comes to events that occurs less frequent and with a longer duration than for example the normal compartment fire. In general, there is room for improvement of the use of fire dynamics in the fire service and a way forward could be a stronger link between theory and practice in education and training.
收起
摘要 :
The ability of the fire service to save lives in building fires has a profound impact on planning. However, very little empirical data are available on how different factors affect this capability-or even how many that are rescued...
展开
The ability of the fire service to save lives in building fires has a profound impact on planning. However, very little empirical data are available on how different factors affect this capability-or even how many that are rescued annually. The current paper aims to partly fill this gap with an assessment of all rescues performed by the fire departments in Sweden during 2017. A combination of incident reports and a large number of post-event interviews yielded a total of 51 rescues (to be compared to 88 fatalities) during that year, which show that the fire service has a great potential to reduce the number of fire fatalities. In these cases, the call to the dispatcher most frequently came from a neighbor (55%) or the victim (26%). The rescue was in 71% of the cases performed with interior attack with a breathing apparatus. The cases were also compared with fatal fires revealing that the odds of successful rescue increased, for example, if the fire occurred in an apartment building or if the response time was short. The joint data set of rescues and fatal fires was used to develop a methodology to calculate the probability of successful rescue depending on the capability of the fire service. This methodology provides the first fully empirical method for organizing the fire service in relation to saving lives in fires. A similar approach should be pursued for other accident types and consolidated for an evidence based assessment of the capability of the fire service.
收起
摘要 :
This study examines the impact of firefighting intervention on occupant tenability to provide actionable guidance for selecting firefighting tactics that are based upon empirical rather than anecdotal evidence. Twelve fire experim...
展开
This study examines the impact of firefighting intervention on occupant tenability to provide actionable guidance for selecting firefighting tactics that are based upon empirical rather than anecdotal evidence. Twelve fire experiments were conducted utilizing a full-sized residential structure to assess the impact of firefighting tactics on occupant exposure. Six groups of firefighters, recruited from fire departments throughout the country, participated in two experiments each. Two attack tactics were examined: (1) interior attack-water applied from the interior while a search team searched for simulated trapped occupants, and (2) transitional attack-exterior water application before transitioning to the interior while a search team searched for simulated trapped occupants. Gas concentration and temperature measurements were analyzed using a fractional effective dose (FED) approach to determine the impact of firefighter tactics on the exposure for potential trapped occupants. Water application by the fire attack teams resulted in a rapid drop in temperatures throughout the structure, followed shortly afterward by a decrease in the FED rate. There was no significant difference between the magnitude of the temperature decrease or the time until the inflection point in the FED curve between transitional attack and interior attack. As the removal time for the occupant increased, the toxic exposure to the occupant increased, despite the decreasing FED rate due to suppression. Occupant tenability analysis showed that the most threatened occupants are not always closest to the seat of the fire, while occupants near the fire but behind closed doors may have received a low exposure. As such, the results emphasized the need for rapid removal of occupants and coordination of suppression and ventilation tactics to limit toxic exposures.
收起
摘要 :
The article analyses the fire situation in urban areas. The recent monthly and daily fire incident data in the two largest urban areas in Indonesia, Jakarta and Surabaya, for the last 7 years have been analyzed to understand the c...
展开
The article analyses the fire situation in urban areas. The recent monthly and daily fire incident data in the two largest urban areas in Indonesia, Jakarta and Surabaya, for the last 7 years have been analyzed to understand the characteristics of incidents. It is found that most fire incidents occurred in residential buildings. This is caused mainly by electrical faults. The casualties and direct loss are relatively low, while there is a long emergency response time of fire brigade due to heavy traffic con gestion and access difficulties. Discussion is focused on the issue of public behavior, fire service performance, urban strategy and building design. It is suggested that spe cific works on fire protection should be taken by increasing of public awareness, improving of a unified fire incident reports, empowering building law enforcement to the community, and improving the household's electrical products quality.
收起
摘要 :
This study aimed to provide an empirical analysis of the effect of preventive fire administration (PVFA) and prepared fire administration (PPFA) on response fire administration (RPFA) in fire service organizations in Korea. To thi...
展开
This study aimed to provide an empirical analysis of the effect of preventive fire administration (PVFA) and prepared fire administration (PPFA) on response fire administration (RPFA) in fire service organizations in Korea. To this end, panel data was collected from 16 metropolitan councils from the period of 2008 to 2018 and statistically analyzed using PVFA, PPFA, and RPFA. The independent variables were PVFA and PPFA, while the dependent variable was RPFA. The analysis of the current situation of the specific target for firefighting (STFF), public use facilities, proof of completion of safety families for public use facilities, and special fire inspection were sub-variables of PVFA. Fire safety education (FSE) and the mobilization for fire suppression (MFS) were sub-variables of PPFA and RPFA, respectively. In the results, STFF and FSE had a significant positive influence on the MFS. This study will contribute to the basic research regarding the investigation of the effectivity of fire service organizations in Korea.
收起
摘要 :
The indiscriminate use of fire represents one of the most significant environmental threats to the Cerrado, the second largest biome in South America. However, the impacts of fire on ecological, cultural, and economic processes re...
展开
The indiscriminate use of fire represents one of the most significant environmental threats to the Cerrado, the second largest biome in South America. However, the impacts of fire on ecological, cultural, and economic processes remain poorly understood, making it difficult to create effective action plans for fire prevention, control, or management.
收起
摘要 :
This paper discusses the characteristics of the fire service organization structure in the Republic of Korea. The subjects of the study were selected by the fire service organization consisting of public firefighters in the Republ...
展开
This paper discusses the characteristics of the fire service organization structure in the Republic of Korea. The subjects of the study were selected by the fire service organization consisting of public firefighters in the Republic of Korea. The characteristics of the fire service organization structure (complexity, centrality, and officiality) were confirmed by various articles and previous references. The fire service organization showed a mechanical structure and bureaucratic organization. The levels of complexity, centrality, and officiality in the characteristics of fire service organization structure were higher than those of a general administration organization or company organization. In Conclusion:, this paper contributes to the development of fire service organization theory by confirming the characteristics of fire service organization structure.
收起
摘要 :
On Sunday, 30 June 2013, on mountainous terrain near Yarnell Hill, Arizona, a team of fire fighters was racing to escape entrapment from an approaching wildfire. It was a race they would not win. In the days following the event, t...
展开
On Sunday, 30 June 2013, on mountainous terrain near Yarnell Hill, Arizona, a team of fire fighters was racing to escape entrapment from an approaching wildfire. It was a race they would not win. In the days following the event, the shocking news came forth that 19 members of the elite Granite Mountain Interagency Hotshot Crew had perished.
收起
摘要 :
Background: Although the US National Fire Service is concerned about alcohol use among firefighters, little research has been conducted on the topic. Aims: To survey alcohol use patterns among career and volunteer firefighters. Me...
展开
Background: Although the US National Fire Service is concerned about alcohol use among firefighters, little research has been conducted on the topic. Aims: To survey alcohol use patterns among career and volunteer firefighters. Methods: Data were from a population-based cohort study of male firefighters conducted in randomly selected career and volunteer departments. Data were collected from 2008 to 2010. Results: There were 656 participants from 11 career and volunteer 13 departments included in the study with a response rate of 97%. Career firefighters drank approximately 10 days per month (just about half of their off duty days) and drank relatively heavily on those days. Fifty-eight per cent of career and 40% of volunteer firefighters averaged three or more drinks and similar percentages reported binge drinking on the days they consumed alcohol. In general, firefighters who drank but did not binge drink tended to have the best health outcomes, while those who binge drank typically were at highest risk of negative health outcomes. Nine per cent of career and 10% of volunteer firefighters who drank self-reported driving while intoxicated in the previous 30 days. Conclusions: Given the high rates of heavy and binge drinking, local and nationally coordinated efforts to increase the surveillance of drinking behaviour among firefighters and the development of targeted prevention interventions are critically needed.
收起
原文获取