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In this study, strengths related with fire investigation of fire stations are analyzed and methods for the capacity building of their fire cause investigation are suggested. The methods for capacity building of fire cause investig...
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In this study, strengths related with fire investigation of fire stations are analyzed and methods for the capacity building of their fire cause investigation are suggested. The methods for capacity building of fire cause investigation suggested are focused on using potential and strengths of current fire fighting and enhancing internal capacity rather than reinforcing investigation personnel, organization, and equipment and ensuring investigation power. The methods suggested in this study are as follows. 1) Because fire investigation Results: are the basis of fire administration, fire marshals should change their awareness of the need of fire investigation;2) A fire investigation system should be established to ensure statements of people concerned systematically;3) A substantial system of fire cause investigation should be established to investigate fire scenes more than twice;4) A substantial system of fire cause investigation should be established to use such materials as CCTV;5) Extinguishing should be made in consideration of fire cause investigation and a scene preservation system after extinguishing should be established;6) A fire investigation system should be established in connection with 119 first-aid and rescue teams and 7) Steps to raise the morale of fire investigation staff should be taken.
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To foster fire investigation professionals and expand career opportunities for graduates of fire science majors, it is extremely important to expand and reorganize courses which are related to fire investigation. Only 30 percent o...
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To foster fire investigation professionals and expand career opportunities for graduates of fire science majors, it is extremely important to expand and reorganize courses which are related to fire investigation. Only 30 percent of universities have fire investigation related courses, and the courses only offer theoretical materials. As a result, it has a great limitation to teach essential knowledge which is required at a fire scene. This study suggests to classify fire investigation-related-courses in to fire investigation course and fire identification course. In addition, the study proposes ways to standardize curricula which enables students to acquire Certified Fire and Explosion Investigator (CFEI).
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There are several different preventive measures that can be used to reduce the number of fire fatalities in residential buildings, but information on how effective different measures are for different groups are, however, lacking....
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There are several different preventive measures that can be used to reduce the number of fire fatalities in residential buildings, but information on how effective different measures are for different groups are, however, lacking. As a result, general measures are often implemented on large portions of the total population, which is not as cost-effective as targeting certain measures for certain groups in the population. Therefore, an analysis of fire statistics and data based on fire investigations reports is performed in this paper in order to provide recommendations for how different preventive measures can be targeted effectively.
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There is a body of published research that has evaluated the contribution of forensic science to the criminal justice system, but many disciplines of forensic science remain unexplored in this regard. The aim of this study was to ...
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There is a body of published research that has evaluated the contribution of forensic science to the criminal justice system, but many disciplines of forensic science remain unexplored in this regard. The aim of this study was to examine the contribution that forensic fire examination services provide to criminal investigations and court processes in arson cases. Forensic fire examination services differ in a number of ways to the disciplines covered in previous research on the impact of forensic evidence on justice outcomes. Forensic fire examinations involve a combination of scene examination and laboratory analyses, and the results can provide critical evidence of whether an incident that has occurred is a criminal offence (i.e. whether a fire has occurred as the result of an act of arson). Forensic fire examination is also a discipline that has faced challenges and undergone development in recent decades regarding its scientific basis and the issue of contextual bias. In this study, data were collated for 273 structural fires that were examined by the forensic fire services in Victoria, Australia. In this jurisdiction, scene and laboratory forensic services are delivered within short time frames with a focus on providing impartial scientific and investigative services to assist criminal investigations conducted by police. The current dataset was highly skewed in terms of criminal justice outcomes and was not suitable for conducting the planned statistical analyses. Nonetheless, the pattern of findings obtained suggested that the inclusion of forensic evidence which supported the prosecution of arson may be associated with an increased likelihood of suspects being charged and defendants found guilty. Examination of the decision-making process of the forensic fire examiners has provided insight into the variety of evidence that is considered by forensic experts in reaching the important conclusion about the origin and cause of structural fires.
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In 2005, a line-of-duty death of an instructor at a firefighter training facility spawned research into both firefighter training and improving firefighter protective gear. Since the incident, there has been additional research in...
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In 2005, a line-of-duty death of an instructor at a firefighter training facility spawned research into both firefighter training and improving firefighter protective gear. Since the incident, there has been additional research into the material properties, firefighter facepiece performance, and the classification of firefighter exposures. This has been in parallel to significant improvements in the ability to model fires and predict, rather than prescribe, fire growth. As this recent body of work was not available at the time of incident investigation, the incident was revisited using the current version of Fire Dynamics Simulator. The full day of training evolutions was modeled in Fire Dynamics Simulator using recent data on wood pyrolysis (the fuel) and facepiece reaction to heat. Fire Dynamics Simulator results were evaluated against the testing done following the incident. Facepiece research was used to develop hole formation criteria that could be evaluated from Fire Dynamics Simulator predictions of facepiece exposure. This was used to compare the performance of facepieces contemporary with the incident to today’s facepieces. In addition, exposure predictions were evaluated in the context of exposure hazard categories developed for firefighter protective gear.
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Fires frequently contribute to aircraft accidents, leading to significant damage, injuries, and fatalities. Nevertheless, the increasing complexity of modern large aircraft structures, along with the utilization of new aviation fu...
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Fires frequently contribute to aircraft accidents, leading to significant damage, injuries, and fatalities. Nevertheless, the increasing complexity of modern large aircraft structures, along with the utilization of new aviation fuels and materials, has further complicated aircraft fire accidents. Therefore, the application of scientific methodologies and technological advancements is crucial for investigating and determining the causes of aircraft fires. This paper analyzes and discusses various techniques employed in the investigation of aircraft fires, encompassing fire behavior characterization, analysis of aviation material debris, and evaluation of ignition energy. Additionally, it presents an overview and comprehensive discussion of the scientific investigation process employed in aircraft fire incidents. Lastly, this paper presents recent case studies of typical aircraft fires, including crash fires, engine fires, electrical failures, equipment failures, and fires caused by external sources. This study has three overarching themes. The study provides a comprehensive review of the current research on aircraft fire-related issues while highlighting the investigation process and scientific analysis methods employed in aircraft fire incidents. Case studies demonstrate technical investigations of typical aircraft fire incidents are provided. These cases exemplify the complexity involved in aircraft fire investigations and emphasize the criticality of analyzing failure particulars in understanding fire incidents. This paper promote the advancement of technical investigations of aircraft fire incidents by advocating for the updating of research findings and investigation practices related to aircraft fires.
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The science behind the formation of fire patterns and their ensuing use in the forensic analysis of fire scenes has been questioned since their introduction in the 1940s. This paper provides an overview of a prototype method for d...
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The science behind the formation of fire patterns and their ensuing use in the forensic analysis of fire scenes has been questioned since their introduction in the 1940s. This paper provides an overview of a prototype method for determining the area of origin based on fire patterns analysis, named the process for origin determination (POD). The POD is a seven step reasoning process for evaluating fire damage, which starts by identifying the value in further analysis of each surface and compartment of a structure and then procedurally evaluates each surface for use within the overall determination. This paper outlines the application of the POD with test subjects and presents an analysis of the outcomes showing its benefits. To facilitate testing the POD, numerical simulations and physical experiments were employed. The numerical simulations were completed through the use of fire dynamics simulator simulating a single compartment measuring 3.66 m x 3.66 m x 2.44 m with a single ventilation opening. The physical experiments were tests conducted specifically for fire patterns where accuracy rates had been previously identified in the literature. Sixty test subjects participated in the evaluation of thirty-two different origin scenarios. A decrease in variability, which indicates an increase in reliability, was noted in 21 of the 32 scenarios (66%) when participants used the POD. Three accuracy measurements were employed, all three of which illustrated an increase in accuracy when participants used the POD. The accuracy was shown to increase between 50% and 94% when participants used the POD.
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Industrial fires pose a significant risk of damage to property and the well-being of factory operators. The existing academic literature on industrial fires emphasizes the investigation of large-scale, catastrophic fires with litt...
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Industrial fires pose a significant risk of damage to property and the well-being of factory operators. The existing academic literature on industrial fires emphasizes the investigation of large-scale, catastrophic fires with little inquiry of small, recurrent fires, which, although often quickly mitigated and perhaps unreported in many companies, can escalate maintenance and repair costs and erode valuable production capacity of critical assets. The U.S. National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) provides a set of standard guidelines for investigating individual fire incidents, but there is no comprehensive method for investigating multiple industrial fires using quantitative and qualitative data. This paper proposes a novel framework that extends the existing NFPA standard by incorporating statistical analysis and Big Data methods from the literature to guide the investigation of a series of industrial fires. The framework is tested for applicability and relevance in a case company within the process industry, which results in the identification of a set of significant variables correlated with fire occurrence. The proposed framework is recommended for medium to large companies with adequate monitoring and data storage during the production process in factories.
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An unreported cause of vehicle fire has been identified using a series of scientific approaches including fracture analysis. A fracture was found adjacent to the welding joint of right catalytic converter and exhaust manifold, whi...
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An unreported cause of vehicle fire has been identified using a series of scientific approaches including fracture analysis. A fracture was found adjacent to the welding joint of right catalytic converter and exhaust manifold, which was the probable point of origin, of the burned vehicle. Using fracture analysis, it was verified that the fracture initiate due to the welding crack and formed far before the fire. Thus, it was confirmed that the hot air ejected from right catalytic converter via the fracture ignite the pipeline and/or fuel nearby, initiate the vehicle fire.
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The work of the fire service has changed during the last decades from being essentially operational to include a larger variety of activities to increase fire safety in society. Also, the theoretical understanding of fire developm...
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The work of the fire service has changed during the last decades from being essentially operational to include a larger variety of activities to increase fire safety in society. Also, the theoretical understanding of fire development, fire dynamics in buildings and fire safety engineering have improved. There are several good examples of areas were fire dynamics theories have supported and improved the fire service activities associated with building fire safety during the last decades. Despite such examples the quality of knowledge transfer between theory and research, and the more practical arena, such as fire service activities is sometimes questionable. This paper includes a systematic literature review and an interview study that is used to discuss how fire dynamics is used to support fire service activities today and where the use of fire dynamics theory could or should be increased in the future. It is found in the paper that fire dynamics theories are currently used more in the preventative and investigative areas than in the operational area of fire service activities. The primary reasons for this is that the timeframe is much shorter in the latter and that there are established procedures and tactics that work well for the common operational situations. However, there is a potential to use fire dynamics theories more in the operational area when it comes to events that occurs less frequent and with a longer duration than for example the normal compartment fire. In general, there is room for improvement of the use of fire dynamics in the fire service and a way forward could be a stronger link between theory and practice in education and training.
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