摘要 :
The foliar micromorphology ofArctotis arctotoides(L.f.) O. Hoffm. a medicinal plant in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa was investigated using the Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The leaf surfaces of the plant were char...
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The foliar micromorphology ofArctotis arctotoides(L.f.) O. Hoffm. a medicinal plant in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa was investigated using the Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The leaf surfaces of the plant were characterized by anisocytic stomata, glandular and non-glandular trichomes. The abaxial surfaces had more stomata and glandular trichomes than the adaxial surfaces of the leaf. Crystal deposits were also observed around the stomata and near the glandular trichomes. Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy showed that Na, Mg and Ca were the major constituents of the crystals. Naturally, distinct morphological variations existed among the ultra structures on the leaf surfaces of the plant. The distributions of the stomata and the two types of trichomes on both surfaces also differed both in shape and in structure. The presence of glandular trichomes on the leaf surfaces of this herb may serve as secretory sites where secondary metabolites are produced.
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摘要 :
The foliar micromorphology of?Arctotis arctotoides?(L.f.) O. Hoffm. a medicinal plant in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa was investigated using the Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The leaf surfaces of the plant were ch...
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The foliar micromorphology of?Arctotis arctotoides?(L.f.) O. Hoffm. a medicinal plant in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa was investigated using the Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The leaf surfaces of the plant were characterized by anisocytic stomata, glandular and non-glandular trichomes. The abaxial surfaces had more stomata and glandular trichomes than the adaxial surfaces of the leaf. Crystal deposits were also observed around the stomata and near the glandular trichomes. Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy showed that Na, Mg and Ca were the major constituents of the crystals. Naturally, distinct morphological variations existed among the ultra structures on the leaf surfaces of the plant. The distributions of the stomata and the two types of trichomes on both surfaces also differed both in shape and in structure. The presence of glandular trichomes on the leaf surfaces of this herb may serve as secretory sites where secondary metabolites are produced.
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Aqueous?shoot and root extracts of?Arctotis?arctotoides?were tested for their allelopathic properties on cabbage, carrot, tomato and spinach seed germination and seedling growth. The addition of the two extracts at 8 and 10 mg ml-...
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Aqueous?shoot and root extracts of?Arctotis?arctotoides?were tested for their allelopathic properties on cabbage, carrot, tomato and spinach seed germination and seedling growth. The addition of the two extracts at 8 and 10 mg ml-1?resulted in the highest germination inhibitions. The shoot extract at 10 mg ml-1?inhibited cabbage, carrot, tomato and spinach seed germination by 79.1, 75.6, 82.0 and 46.0%, respectively while the root extracts at the same concentration had inhibitions of 66.0, 64.0, 64.7 and 42.1%, respectively on each of the vegetables. The decreases in the radicle growth of the four targets were highest in 10 mg ml-1?of the shoot extract with cabbage, carrot, tomato and spinach having 95.3, 98.9, 92.9 and 87.6%, respectively. Considerable reductions also occurred in the plumule length of all the seedlings.?The present study has demonstrated the inhibitory properties of the shoot and root aqueous?extracts of?A. arctotoides?on the germination and seedling growth of the four vegetables.
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The antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of the acetone, methanol, and water extracts from the root of Arctotis arctotoides (L.f.) O. Hoffm (Asteraceae) were assessed in an effort to validate the medicinal potential of the subte...
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The antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of the acetone, methanol, and water extracts from the root of Arctotis arctotoides (L.f.) O. Hoffm (Asteraceae) were assessed in an effort to validate the medicinal potential of the subterranean part of the herb. The antioxidant activities of acetone and methanol extracts as determined by the ABTS, DPPH, and FRAP methods were higher than that of water extracts. The extracts showed significant activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The strongest activity was found in the acetone extract on Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, Micrococcus kristinae, and Streptococcus pyrogens with an MIC of 0.1 mg/mL. Although not completely fungicidal, these extracts showed significant growth inhibition against all the fungi tested. Antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of the extracts were strongly correlated with total phenols and to a lesser extent with their flavonoids and proanthocyanidins contents. This study has validated the medicinal potential of the underground part of A. arctotoides. 2007 Informa Healthcare.
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In preparation for the treatment of Arctotis L. (Asteraceae) in the upcoming Conspectus of the Trans-Cape Succulent Karoo Flora of South Africa, the typification of names and synonymy for nine Arctotis species that occur within th...
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In preparation for the treatment of Arctotis L. (Asteraceae) in the upcoming Conspectus of the Trans-Cape Succulent Karoo Flora of South Africa, the typification of names and synonymy for nine Arctotis species that occur within the Succulent Karoo region, South Africa, are clarified. The author citation for A. argentea is corrected from Thunb. to A. argentea Aiton, and the lectotype is selected. In addition, lectotypes are designated for A. auriculata Jacq., A. campanulata DC., A. campanulata var. puberula DC., A. canescens DC., A. cineraria Jacq., A. cuprea Jacq., A. denudata Thunb., A. diffusa Thunb., A.fastuosa Jacq., A. flaccida Jacq., A. flammea Jacq., A. glabrata Jacq., A. laevis Thunb., A. leucanthemoides Jacq., A. maximilianii Schltr. Ex Beauverd, A. pusilla DC., A. revoluta Jacq., A. rosea Jacq., A. squarrosa Jacq., A. venidioides DC., and Venidium aureum DC.
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Ethnopharmacological relevance: Arctotis arctotoides (Asteraceae) is part of the genus Arctotis. Arctotis is an African genus of approximately 70 species that occur widely in the African continent with diverse medicinal values. Th...
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Ethnopharmacological relevance: Arctotis arctotoides (Asteraceae) is part of the genus Arctotis. Arctotis is an African genus of approximately 70 species that occur widely in the African continent with diverse medicinal values. This plant is used for the treatment of indigestion and catarrh of the stomach, epilepsy, topical wounds and skin disorders among the ethnic groups in South Africa and reported to have a wide spectrum of pharmacological properties.
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In preparation for the treatment of Arctotis L. (Asteraceae) in the e-Flora of South Africa project, the correct names, typifications and synonymies are clarified for 24 Arctotis species and two varieties indigenous to the Western...
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In preparation for the treatment of Arctotis L. (Asteraceae) in the e-Flora of South Africa project, the correct names, typifications and synonymies are clarified for 24 Arctotis species and two varieties indigenous to the Western Cape and Eastern Cape provinces of South Africa. Lectotypes are designated for 36 names and neotypes for two names. The names A. glabrata Jacq., A. paniculata Jacq. and A. spinulosa Jacq. are resurrected for poorly known, apparently geographically restricted species. Arctotis roodae Hutch. is the correct name at specific rank for the taxon previously known as A. campanulata var. puberula DC. Arctotis laciniata Lam. is the earliest legitimate name for an element of the A. aspera species complex, to which the name A. revoluta Jacq. has often been applied. The name A. revoluta Jacq. correctly applies to a distinct, unrelated species, for which a revised synonymy is presented. A lectotype is designated for the illegitimate name A. undulata Jacq., the earliest legitimate name for which is A. acaulis var. undulata Less.
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A lectotype is designated for the name Venidium subacaule DC. based on a specimen in Candolle's Prodromus Herbarium, which replaces the neotype previously designated for this name. As a result of the revised typification, V subaca...
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A lectotype is designated for the name Venidium subacaule DC. based on a specimen in Candolle's Prodromus Herbarium, which replaces the neotype previously designated for this name. As a result of the revised typification, V subacaule is not now a threat to usage of the name V hirsutum Harv. (and the combination Arctotis hirsuta (Harv.) Beauverd). In addition, an epitype is designated for the name Venidium erosum Harv., which becomes a synonym of Arctotis subacaulis (DC.) Beauverd.
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Subtribe Arctotidinae comprises an estimated 80-90 species classified in five genera. Taxonomic relationships within the subtribe are poorly understood and the taxonomy of Arctotis is notably confused. Cypselar morphology provides...
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Subtribe Arctotidinae comprises an estimated 80-90 species classified in five genera. Taxonomic relationships within the subtribe are poorly understood and the taxonomy of Arctotis is notably confused. Cypselar morphology provides a suite of taxonomic characters important at the genus and species levels in Arctotidinae. To help resolve taxonomic relationships in the subtribe, a scanning electron microscopic survey of the cypselae of 40 species from four genera (Arctotheca, Arctotis, Cymbonotus, and Haplocarpha) was undertaken. Thirteen informal species groups are distinguished based on cypselar morphology. The results indicate that a reappraisal of the generic concepts of Arctotis, Cymbonotus, and Haplocarpha is warranted. A close affinity is implicated between Arctotis sect. Austro-orientales and Cymbonotus. Arctotis species are assigned to nine species groups. Lewin's infrageneric classification of Arctotis is partially supported. Haplocarpha comprises three disparate species groups. Arctotheca forms a morphologically coherent group based on cypselar morphology herein. A diagnostic key to these informal groups based on cypselar morphology is presented.
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